在新生物形成相关的表观遗传变化中，细胞糖基化的改变最近作为造血恶性肿瘤进展的关键组成部分受到关注。糖基化的改变似乎不仅直接影响细胞的生长和生存，而且还改变肿瘤细胞的粘附以及它们与微环境的相互作用，促进了癌症诱导的免疫调节和最终转移。糖基化的改变源自于糖基转移酶的表达改变，这些酶在内质网（ER）和高尔基体中催化将糖基团转移给一系列受体底物，如蛋白质、脂质和其他糖基。造血恶性肿瘤中新颖的糖基结构代表了治疗血液疾病的新靶点。本综述总结了在造血恶性肿瘤中常见的糖基异常表达和它们潜在的机制，并确定了糖基作为驱动因素或乘客在造血恶性肿瘤发展中的具体作用。©2021年。作者(们)独家许可Springer Nature Switzerland AG。

Among neoplasia-associated epigenetic alterations, changes in cellular glycosylation have recently received attention as a key component of hematological malignancy progression. Alterations in glycosylation appear to not only directly impact cell growth and survival, but also alter the adhesion of tumor cells and their interactions with the microenvironment, facilitating cancer-induced immunomodulation and eventual metastasis. Changes in glycosylation arise from altered expression of glycosyltransferases, enzymes that catalyze the transfer of saccharide moieties to a wide range of acceptor substrates, such as proteins, lipids, and other saccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Novel glycan structures in hematological malignancies represent new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases. This review summarizes studies of the aberrant expression of glycans commonly found in hematological malignancies and their potential mechanisms and defines the specific roles of glycans as drivers or passengers in the development of hematological malignancies.© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.