在过去的几十年里，全世界慢性非传染性疾病的数量不断增加，这主要归因于饮食和生活方式的改变以及暴露于有害环境因素。所谓的组学技术（基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和转录组学）被用作全面分析和监测人类健康的工具。目前，基因组学和后基因组技术被用于研究各种营养物质对人类健康的影响。本综述的目的是总结和分析现代组学技术在预防与人类饮食习惯相关的非传染性疾病中的应用。材料和方法。使用PubMed、eLibrary、ResearchGate和ScienceDaily数据库，并使用关键词“营养遗传学”、“营养基因组学”、“SNP”，以及特定因子、基因和疾病的名称进行文献搜索。结果。综述提供了关于营养遗传学和营养基因组学在预防慢性非传染性疾病方面的最新知识。给出了特定单核苷酸多态性和基因变异对营养的各个方面的影响的例子，从中可以得出有关如何纠正这些等位基因携带者的饮食以减少心血管疾病、2型糖尿病和肥胖症的风险的建议。还给出了营养对基因表达的影响的例子，并列出了一些代谢紊乱的基因标志物，这些代谢紊乱可能导致疾病，如2型糖尿病、肥胖症、结肠炎症性疾病、心血管和神经退行性疾病、癌症等。为营养基因组学研究中获得的有关营养物摄入对非传染性疾病风险的影响的知识的实际应用提供了建议。结论：组学技术的实际应用可以提供更有效的非传染性疾病预防，有助于提高人民生活质量和延长劳动寿命。版权© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group。

Over the past several decades there has been an increase in the number of chronic noncommunicable diseases worldwide largely due to changes in diet and lifestyle, as well as exposure to adverse environmental factors. The so-called omics technologies (genomic, proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic) are used as tools for comprehensive analysis and monitoring of human health. Currently, genomic and post-genomic technologies are used to study the effects of various nutrients on human health. The purpose of the review was to summarize and analyze modern omics technologies used in the prevention of non-communicable diseases associated with human dietary habits. Material and methods. The literature search was carried out using PubMed, eLibrary, ResearchGate and ScienceDaily databases using the keywords "nutrigenetics", "nutrigenomics", "SNP", as well as the names of specific factors, genes and diseases. Results. The review provides up-to-date information on the role of knowledge of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Examples of the influence of specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms and genetic variations on various aspects of nutrition are given, from which recommendations for correcting the diet of carriers of these alleles to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity follow. Examples of nutrient influence on gene expression are also given and some genetic markers of metabolic disorders which can lead to diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammatory diseases of the colon, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer are listed. Recommendations are given on the practical use of the knowledge gained during nutrigenomic studies on the effect of nutrient intake on the risk of non-communicable diseases for their prevention. Conclusion. The practical use of omics technologies can provide a more effective prevention of non-communicable diseases, contributing to an increase in the quality of life and the preservation of labor longevity of the population.Copyright© GEOTAR-Media Publishing Group.