美国癌症幸存者的数量因为人口的增长和老龄化，以及早期检测和治疗的进展而持续增加。为了帮助公共卫生界更好地服务这些人，美国癌症协会和国家癌症研究所每三年合作一次，使用来自监督、流行病学和结果癌症登记处的发病率和生存数据，疾病预防控制中心国家卫生统计中心的死亡率数据以及美国人口普查局的人口预测，估计美国的癌症患病率。根据美国癌症数据库中的信息，针对最常见的癌症类型，按种族介绍了当前的治疗模式，并简要介绍了与癌症相关和治疗相关的副作用。到2022年1月1日，超过1800万名美国人（830万男性和970万女性）患有癌症的病史。最常见的三种癌症是前列腺癌（3,523,230）、皮肤黑色素瘤（760,640）和结肠和直肠癌（726,450）（男性）以及乳腺癌（4,055,770）、子宫体癌（891,560）和甲状腺癌（823,800）（女性）。超过一半（53%）的幸存者在过去的10年中被诊断出患有癌症，两个三分之二（67%）的幸存者年龄为65岁或以上。在治疗方面，最大的种族差距之一是直肠癌，对于初期疾病黑人患者41%接受直肠切除术或直肠结肠切除术，而白人患者为66%。黑人患者在非小细胞肺癌方面的手术接受率也明显较低，初期（I-II期）为49%，晚期（III期）为16%，而白人分别为55%和22%。这种治疗的差距恶化了这样一个事实，即黑人患者在大多数癌症中被诊断为初期疾病的可能性仍然较白人低，其中女性乳腺癌（53%对68%）和子宫内膜癌（59%对73%）的差异最大。虽然现有的工具越来越多，可以帮助患者、护理人员和临床医生应对癌症幸存者的各个阶段，但还需要进一步的基于证据的策略以及平等获得现有资源，来缓解有色人种社群的不平等现象，并为患有癌症病史的人们优化护理。CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72:409-436.© 2022 The Authors. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Cancer Society.

The number of cancer survivors continues to increase in the United States due to the growth and aging of the population as well as advances in early detection and treatment. To assist the public health community in better serving these individuals, the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute collaborate triennially to estimate cancer prevalence in the United States using incidence and survival data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries, vital statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, and population projections from the US Census Bureau. Current treatment patterns based on information in the National Cancer Database are presented for the most prevalent cancer types by race, and cancer-related and treatment-related side-effects are also briefly described. More than 18 million Americans (8.3 million males and 9.7 million females) with a history of cancer were alive on January 1, 2022. The 3 most prevalent cancers are prostate (3,523,230), melanoma of the skin (760,640), and colon and rectum (726,450) among males and breast (4,055,770), uterine corpus (891,560), and thyroid (823,800) among females. More than one-half (53%) of survivors were diagnosed within the past 10 years, and two-thirds (67%) were aged 65 years or older. One of the largest racial disparities in treatment is for rectal cancer, for which 41% of Black patients with stage I disease receive proctectomy or proctocolectomy compared to 66% of White patients. Surgical receipt is also substantially lower among Black patients with non-small cell lung cancer, 49% for stages I-II and 16% for stage III versus 55% and 22% for White patients, respectively. These treatment disparities are exacerbated by the fact that Black patients continue to be less likely to be diagnosed with stage I disease than White patients for most cancers, with some of the largest disparities for female breast (53% vs 68%) and endometrial (59% vs 73%). Although there are a growing number of tools that can assist patients, caregivers, and clinicians in navigating the various phases of cancer survivorship, further evidence-based strategies and equitable access to available resources are needed to mitigate disparities for communities of color and optimize care for people with a history of cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72:409-436.© 2022 The Authors. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Cancer Society.