黑色素瘤是一种高免疫原性的癌症，年节律影响免疫系统活动。我们回顾性地收集了所有接受基于BRAF抑制剂治疗(BRAFi)或抗PD-1单一治疗(PD-1)的转移性黑色素瘤病例(除了眼部黑色素瘤)的信息。根据治疗开始的时间被分为夏半年(四月至九月)和冬半年(十月至三月)两组。我们收集了1054 （BRAF-i）和1205个（PD-1）病例。中位数随访时间为39.7（BRAFi）和47.5（PD-1）个月。我们没有观察到BRAFi队列中不同治疗季节患者之间的不同结果。此外，在PD-1队列中，ORR、CRR和PFS方面的结果也没有明显差异。然而，在PD-1队列中的BRAF野生型疾病患者中，夏季治疗的患者与冬季相比生存期延长(mOS 39.7个月[夏季]比21.3个月[冬季]；缩比比值0.70，95% 置信区间0.57-0.86，p = .0007)。这一结果在多变量比例风险调整下仍然稳健(缩比比值为0.70，95%置信区间为0.57-0.87，p = .001)。在丹麦，夏季开始免疫治疗与BRAF野生型黑色素瘤患者的长期生存相关。© 2022年作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd发表的色素细胞和黑色素瘤研究。

Melanoma is a highly immunogenic cancer, and circannual rhythms influence the activity of the immune system. We retrospectively collected information on all cases with metastatic melanoma (ocular melanoma excluded) that initiated treatment with BRAF-inhibitor-based therapy (BRAFi) or anti-PD-1 monotherapy (PD-1). Cases were divided in two groups based on treatment initiation in the summer half-year (April to September) or winter half-year (October to March). We collected a total of 1054 (BRAF-i) and 1205 (PD-1) patient cases. Median follow-up was 39.7 (BRAFi) and 47.5 (PD-1) months. We did not observe differences in outcomes across patients who were treated in summer versus winter in the BRAFi cohort. Furthermore, we did not observe significant differences in ORR, CRR, and PFS in the PD-1 cohort. However, in patients with BRAF wild-type disease of the PD-1 cohort, treatment initiation in summer was associated with an improved OS (mOS 39.7 months [summer] versus 21.3 months [winter]; HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57-0.86, p = .0007). This result remained robust to multivariable proportional hazards adjustment (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57-0.87, p = .001). Initiation of immunotherapy in summer is associated with prolonged survival in patients with BRAF wild-type melanoma living in Denmark.© 2022 The Authors. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.