转移性黑色素瘤是一种复杂而致命的疾病。由于其复杂性，开发新的治疗策略以抑制转移性黑色素瘤仍然是一项重大的挑战。随着体外和体内模型的发展，我们的研究转移的能力得到了提高，这些模型更好地模拟了从原发肿瘤形成到最终转移播种的不同步骤。在本综述中，我们提供了对体外模型、体内模型和基于计算机的平台的综合总结，以研究黑色素瘤转移的个别步骤。此外，我们强调每个模型的优缺点，并讨论如何改进当前的模型以增强转化为黑色素瘤癌症患者和未来治疗的效果。© 2023 The Authors。Pigment Cell＆Melanoma Research由John Wiley＆Sons Ltd. 出版。

Metastatic melanoma is a complex and deadly disease. Due to its complexity, the development of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit metastatic melanoma remains an outstanding challenge. Our ability to study metastasis is advanced with the development of in vitro and in vivo models that better mimic the different steps of the metastatic cascade beginning from primary tumor initiation to final metastatic seeding. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of in vitro models, in vivo models, and in silico platforms to study the individual steps of melanoma metastasis. Furthermore, we highlight the advantages and limitations of each model and discuss the challenges of how to improve current models to enhance translation for melanoma cancer patients and future therapies.© 2023 The Authors. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.