影像学在膀胱癌（BCa）的诊断工作中起着重要的作用。超声诊断可在检测尿路改变方面达到中等敏感度，并被认为是诊断BCa的次优成像技术。CT尿路造影能够准确检测有血尿症状的患者的BCa，多参数MRI能够实现BCa的高检测率，并有助于患者的准确分期，但该模式仍未得到国际指南的广泛支持。MRI的主要应用是局部肿瘤分期和非肌层侵袭性BCa与肌层侵袭性BCa之间的区分。这些应用促进了膀胱成像报告和数据系统（VI-RADS）评分系统的发展。VI-RADS评分系统是在切除原发膀胱肿瘤并注入膀胱卡介苗治疗的情况下开发的；然而，在治疗后的验证中，该系统显示出了有希望的结果。BCa复发的高风险导致其在评估治疗反应和治疗后疾病监测方面得到应用。MRI正迅速成为BCa诊断工作、评估治疗反应和纵向监测的领先成像模态，并在BCa手术和放射治疗计划中发挥着重要作用。版权所有 © 2022 Elsevier Inc.

Imaging plays an important role in bladder cancer (BCa) diagnostic work-up. Ultrasound achieves an intermediate sensitivity in detecting urinary tract alterations and is considered a suboptimal imaging technique in diagnosis of BCa. CT urography accurately detects BCa in patients presenting with hematuria Multiparametric MRI achieves a very high rate of BCa detection and helps with accurate staging of patients; however, this modality is still not widely supported by international guidelines. The main applications of MRI are local tumor staging and differentiation between non-muscle-invasive BCa and muscle-invasive BCa. These applications led to development of Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) scoring system. The VI-RADS scoring system was developed in the setting of post-resection of primary bladder tumor and instillation of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy; however validation of this system in the post-treatment setting showed promising results. The high risk of BCa recurrence leads to its application in the assessment of response to therapy and for disease surveillance after treatment. MRI is rapidly becoming a leading imaging modality in BCa diagnostic workup, assessment of response to therapies and for longitudinal surveillance, and plays an important role in BCa surgical and radiation therapy treatment planning.Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.