癌症和妊娠引起了一种促凝血的环境，可能导致母体和胎儿并发症，如静脉血栓栓塞、胎儿生长受限和胎儿死亡。妊娠期间诊断的血液恶性肿瘤的发病率正在上升，此类恶性肿瘤中的血栓性事件并不罕见。妊娠期血栓管理面临治疗挑战，由癌症的影响进一步加剧。目前可用于管理患妊娠期血液恶性肿瘤的数据仅限于那些患有骨髓增生性肿瘤，主要是必需性血小板增多症，而且在红细胞增多症上较少。建议在整个妊娠期间使用低剂量阿司匹林，并建议对高风险患者考虑使用低分子量肝素和干扰素制剂治疗。目前缺乏针对患有淋巴瘤或白血病孕妇处理血栓事件的指南，其管理是基于回顾性研究和癌症相关血栓预防和治疗指南的数据外推。本文案例综述将重点关注妊娠期患有血液恶性肿瘤，特别是骨髓增生性肿瘤、淋巴瘤和白血病的血栓风险复杂问题。 版权所有。

Cancer and pregnancy induce a procoagulant environment which may lead to maternal and fetal complications, such as venous thromboembolism, fetal growth restriction, and fetal loss. The incidence of hematological malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy is rising, and thrombotic events in such malignancies are not rare. Management of thrombosis during pregnancy poses a therapeutic challenge, that is further exacerbated by the impact of cancer. The available data on managing pregnant women with hematological malignancies are limited to those with myeloproliferative neoplasms, mainly essential thrombocythemia, and, to a lesser extent, polycythemia vera. Low-dose aspirin is recommended throughout pregnancy, and considering treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin and interferon formulations is advised for high-risk patients. Currently, guidelines for handling thrombotic events in pregnant women with lymphoma or leukemia are lacking, and their management is based on data extrapolated from retrospective studies, and guidelines for prevention and treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis. The present case-based review will focus on the complex issue of thrombotic risk in pregnant women with hematological malignancies, specifically myeloproliferative neoplasms, lymphomas, and leukemias.Thieme. All rights reserved.