人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）感染对免疫系统产生广泛影响。其中包括一种成熟的NK细胞亚群的分化和持续扩张，该亚群表现出特定的表型和功能特征，以表达HLA-E特异性CD94 / NKG2C激活受体为标志。基于我们的经验和该领域的最新进展，我们概述了NKG2C + NK细胞反应的适应性特征，讨论了以下观察和未解决问题：（a）病毒和宿主因素的机制和影响；（b）存在其他共享适应性特征的NKG2C- NK细胞亚群的情况；（c）在造血和固体器官移植患者中，适应性NKG2C + NK细胞的发展和作用；（d）它们与其他病毒感染（主要是HIV-1）的关系；以及（e）它们在癌症细胞治疗中的应用的现状。版权所有©2022作者。由Elsevier Ltd.出版。保留所有权利。

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection exerts broad effects on the immune system. These include the differentiation and persistent expansion of a mature NK cell subset which displays a characteristic phenotypic and functional profile hallmarked by expression of the HLA-E-specific CD94/NKG2C activating receptor. Based on our experience and recent advances in the field, we overview the adaptive features of the NKG2C+ NK cell response, discussing observations and open questions on: (a) the mechanisms and influence of viral and host factors; (b) the existence of other NKG2C- NK cell subsets sharing adaptive features; (c) the development and role of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells in the response to HCMV in hematopoietic and solid organ transplant patients; (d) their relation with other viral infections, mainly HIV-1; and (e) current perspectives for their use in adoptive immunotherapy of cancer.Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.