癌症存活与进展依赖于肿瘤细胞避免免疫识别的能力。了解癌症免疫和肿瘤免疫逃逸机制的进展促成了免疫治疗方法的发展。在无法治愈其他转移性癌症的患者中，免疫疗法产生了前所未有的反应率，并具有持久的完全反应潜力。然而，原发性和获得性抗药机制限制了免疫疗法的疗效。进一步的治疗进展需要更深入地了解免疫细胞与肿瘤之间的相互作用。过去十年中，大多数高通量研究都集中在 DNA 和 RNA 水平上的组学特征表征。然而，蛋白质是基因组信息的分子效应器，因此研究蛋白质可以更深入地了解细胞功能。基于质谱的蛋白质组学的最新进展可能通过分析未经研究的翻译后修饰、亚细胞蛋白定位、细胞信号和蛋白质相互作用来实现转化和临床发现。在本综述中，我们讨论了基于质谱的蛋白质组学对肿瘤免疫和癌症免疫疗法的前临床和临床研究发现的潜在贡献。©2022. 作者。

Cancer survival and progression depend on the ability of tumor cells to avoid immune recognition. Advances in the understanding of cancer immunity and tumor immune escape mechanisms enabled the development of immunotherapeutic approaches. In patients with otherwise incurable metastatic cancers, immunotherapy resulted in unprecedented response rates with the potential for durable complete responses. However, primary and acquired resistance mechanisms limit the efficacy of immunotherapy. Further therapeutic advances require a deeper understanding of the interplay between immune cells and tumors. Most high-throughput studies within the past decade focused on an omics characterization at DNA and RNA level. However, proteins are the molecular effectors of genomic information; therefore, the study of proteins provides deeper understanding of cellular functions. Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics at a system-wide scale may allow translational and clinical discoveries by enabling the analysis of understudied post-translational modifications, subcellular protein localization, cell signaling, and protein-protein interactions. In this review, we discuss the potential contribution of MS-based proteomics to preclinical and clinical research findings in the context of tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapies.© 2022. The Author(s).