当前黑人患者获取诊断影像的不平等和黑人放射医师在放射学中的代表性不足，相对于他们在美国总人口中的代表性，反映出历史上反黑人歧视的当代后果。这些不平等自放射学和专业医学组织成立以来一直存在。在二十世纪初放射学作为临床医学领域发展的时期，明确的和隐含的针对黑人患者和医生的种族歧视是机构政策。早期放射学组织也采用了这种结构性歧视，为专业黑人放射医师的参与创造了严格的障碍。然而，在二十世纪初期，有许多开创性的黑人放射医师在医学和放射学领域推进了学术、患者护理和多样性。这项工作在当今仍然很重要，因为基于种族的医疗不平等一直存在并继续降低放射学提供的患者护理质量。放射学内部还存在着针对弱势群体的职业多样性的结构性障碍。今天，有多种机会进行反种族主义工作，以改善护理质量并将社会公正和健康公平的标准应用到放射学领域。一个最初的步骤是扩大教育，了解黑人患者获取成像和医疗保健上的不平等。机构干预包括实施基于社区的外展和应用反偏见方法在人工智能算法中，而系统性干预包括确定国家基于种族的质量措施，并确保成像指南正确处理黑人患者群体中的特殊癌症风险。这些方法反映了一些可能可以共同解决放射学医疗不平等的策略。 © RSNA，2023见本期Scott的邀请评论。本文的测验问题可在补充材料中找到。

Current disparities in the access to diagnostic imaging for Black patients and the underrepresentation of Black physicians in radiology, relative to their representation in the general U.S. population, reflect contemporary consequences of historical anti-Black discrimination. These disparities have existed within the field of radiology and professional medical organizations since their inception. Explicit and implicit racism against Black patients and physicians was institutional policy in the early 20th century when radiology was being developed as a clinical medical field. Early radiology organizations also embraced this structural discrimination, creating strong barriers to professional Black radiologist involvement. Nevertheless, there were numerous pioneering Black radiologists who advanced scholarship, patient care, and diversity within medicine and radiology during the early 20th century. This work remains important in the present day, as race-based health care disparities persist and continue to decrease the quality of radiology-delivered patient care. There are also structural barriers within radiology affecting workforce diversity that negatively impact marginalized groups. Multiple opportunities exist today for antiracism work to improve quality of care and to apply standards of social justice and health equity to the field of radiology. An initial step is to expand education on the disparities in access to imaging and health care among Black patients. Institutional interventions include implementing community-based outreach and applying antibias methodology in artificial intelligence algorithms, while systemic interventions include identifying national race-based quality measures and ensuring imaging guidelines properly address the unique cancer risks in the Black patient population. These approaches reflect some of the strategies that may mutually serve to address health care disparities in radiology. © RSNA, 2023 See the invited commentary by Scott in this issue. Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.