癌干细胞（CSCs）在癌症发展中发挥着重要作用。基于对CSC研究的进展，我们提出了一个癌症的单系模型。该模型的基础理念是CSC是具有紊乱分化的干细胞，其最初的目的是修复受损组织。炎症反应和损伤修复信号对于CSCs的产生和维持至关重要。正常的静止干细胞会被环境刺激（如炎症反应）激活，然后进行细胞分裂和分化。在癌症发展的初期，干细胞分化由于基因突变的积累导致异型发展，最终发展为异型增生或癌前状态。在第二阶段，积累的基因突变导致了较差的分化和癌症发展。单系模型说明了CSC的进化、生物行为和标志，提出了癌症起源的简洁理解，并可能鼓励一种新的治疗方法。 ©2023.作者（们）。

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer development. Based on advancements in CSC research, we propose a monophyletic model of cancer. This model is based on the idea that CSCs are stem cells with disordered differentiation whose original purpose was to repair damaged tissues. Inflammatory responses and damage repair signals are crucial for the creation and maintenance of CSCs. Normal quiescent stem cells are activated by environmental stimulation, such as an inflammatory response, and undergo cell division and differentiation. In the initial stage of cancer development, stem cell differentiation leads to heteromorphism due to the accumulation of gene mutations, resulting in the development of metaplasia or precancerosis. In the second stage, accumulated mutations induce poor differentiation and lead to cancer development. The monophyletic model illustrates the evolution, biological behavior, and hallmarks of CSCs, proposes a concise understanding of the origin of cancer, and may encourage a novel therapeutic approach.© 2023. The Author(s).