癌症作为一种疾病具有相当复杂的病理生理学意义，并且是全球范围内导致死亡率和发病率较高的原因之一。目前常规治疗选择包括抗癌化疗、手术和放射治疗。然而，这些治疗方法存在许多问题，包括缺乏特异性、非特定的毒理学影响、药物传递到靶向细胞的效率低以及癌症耐药性的出现，最终导致癌症治疗无效。由于纳米技术具有先进和更好的生物物理特征和定制潜力，并以多种方式进行定制和定制，因此完全可以改变癌症的识别和管理。此外，纳米技术还可以为当前主流限制出现的抗癌治疗提供多种答案。由于其出色的物理化学特性，包括粒子大小、表面形态特征等，纳米载体已被应用于纳米医学平台，用于靶向各种转录因子从而实现有价值的药理学结果。这种转录靶向激活了广泛的细胞和分子事件，如抗氧化酶诱导、凋亡细胞死亡、细胞周期阻滞等。这些结果是在激活或失活多种转录因子和细胞途径之后获得的。此外，纳米制剂已经精确地校准和功能化为特定的靶向群提高其传递药物负载到指定和靶向的癌细胞和组织的效率。本综述采用全面、全面和全面的方法，包括涵盖不同类型的定制和定制纳米制剂和纳米材料的各种研究，旨在靶向参与癌症发生、肿瘤成熟、生长和转移过程的转录因子。这里总结了各种转录因子，如核因子kappa（NF-κB）、信号转导子激活转录因子（STAT）、Cmyc和Twist相关蛋白1（TWIST1）以及多种靶向这些转录因子的纳米颗粒。还专门介绍了不同类型的纳米颗粒靶向诱导缺氧因子的部分。我们努力总结了各种癌症发展、生长、发展和侵袭各个阶段中涉及的其他转录因子，以及使用不同类型的纳米医学制剂进行靶向。Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cancer as a disease possess quite complicated pathophysiological implications and is among the prominent causes of morbidity and mortality on global scales. Anti-cancer chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy are some of the present-day conventional treatment options. However, these therapeutic paradigms own several retreats, including lack of specificity, non-targeted toxicological implications, inefficient drug delivery to targeted cells, and emergence of cancer resistance, ultimately causing ineffective cancer management. Owing to the advanced and better biophysical characteristic features and potentiality for the tailoring and customizations and in several fashions, nanotechnology can entirely transubstantiate the cancer identification and its managements. Additionally, nanotechnology also renders several answers to present-day mainstream limitations springing-up in anti-cancer therapeutics. Nanocarriers, owing to their outstanding physicochemical features including but not limited to their particle size, surface morphological features viz. shape etc., have been employed in nanomedicinal platforms for targeting various transcription factors leading to worthy pharmacological outcomes. This transcription targeting activates the wide array of cellular and molecular events like antioxidant enzyme-induction, apoptotic cell death, cell-cycle arrest etc. These outcomes are obtained after the activation or inactivation of several transcription factors and cellular pathways. Further, nanoformulations have been precisely calibrated and functionalized with peculiar targeting groups for improving their efficiency to deliver the drug-payload to specified and targeted cancerous cells and tissues. This review undertakes an extensive, across-the-board and all-inclusive approach consisting of various studies encompassing different types of tailored and customized nanoformulations and nanomaterials designed for targeting the transcription factors implicated in the process of carcinogenesis, tumor-maturation, growth and metastasis. Various transcription factors viz. nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB), signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT), Cmyc and Twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1) along with several types of nanoparticles targeting these transcription factors have been summarized here. A section has also been dedicated to the different types of nanoparticles targeting the hypoxia inducing factors. Efforts have been made to summarize several other transcription factors implicated in various stages of cancer development, growth, progression and invasion, and their targeting with different kinds of nanomedicinal agents.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.