多篇研究报告详细说明了miRNA在癌症增殖中的重要作用，以及它们在减缓癌症和药物耐受性中的调节作用。黑色素瘤细胞通过药物外排蛋白、表观遗传修饰和DNA修复，获得了对多种化疗药物的干细胞特性。miRNA可作为治疗多种癌症的新型治疗方式，以调节卷入干细胞机制的这些机制。纳米载体可以携带这些针对肿瘤的miRNA，以调节干细胞状态，这是一种突出的策略，可以克服肿瘤穿透性低、稳定性低和不特异的问题。我们在PubMed、Medline、Google学术和NLM等多个公共数据库中进行了搜索，并获取了与miRNA基础纳米载体系统相关的信息，以通过表观遗传修饰靶向干细胞。该综述详细说明了各种miRNA可以通过特定复杂的表观遗传信号和其他细胞信号机制调节黑色素瘤中的干细胞状态。具有特定miRNA的特定纳米载体配方是传递这些miRNA的最佳方法，以实现显著的捕获效率、载荷效率和稳定性。此外，FDA批准的化疗分子与靶向肿瘤的miRNA和化疗结合的联合方案，可以通过靶向黑色素瘤中的肿瘤基质、侵袭、转移和血管生成，有效地提供最大的治疗窗口。在黑色素瘤中，大量研究应该关注这种基因治疗在使用这些低免疫原性、高降解性和生物相容性的联合纳米治疗方案方面的临床应用。©2023 John Wiley＆Sons A / S。由John Wiley＆Sons Ltd.出版。

Several research reports delineated the significant role of miRNAs in cancer proliferation, and their modulatory role in cancer mitigation, and drug resistance. Melanoma cells have been acquiring stemness to several chemotherapeutic agents through drug efflux proteins, epigenetic modulation, and DNA repair. miRNAs could be applied as novel therapeutic modalities for treating several kinds of cancers to modulate these mechanisms involved in stemness. Nanocarriers to carry these tumor-targeting miRNAs to modulate stemness are a prominent strategy to overcome their low penetrability, minimal stability, and nonspecificity. We have searched several public databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google scholar, and NLM and obtained the information pertinent to the miRNA-based nanocarrier systems to target stemness through epigenetic modulation in melanomas. This review delineates that various miRNAs can modulate the stemness in melanomas by specific intricate epigenetic signaling, and other cell-based signaling mechanisms. Specific nanocarrier formulations with specific miRNAs are optimal methods to deliver these miRNAs in order to achieve significant entrapment efficiency, loading efficiency, and stability. Furthermore, the combinatorial regimen of FDA-approved chemotherapeutic molecules with tumor-targeting miRNAs and chemotherapy combined with nanocarriers can efficiently deliver the utmost therapeutic window by targeting tumor matrix, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis in melanomas. Substantial research should focus on the clinical application of this gene therapy in melanomas using these low immunogenic, highly degradable, and biocompatible combinatorial nanotherapeutic regimens.© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.