IL-1受体家族成员（ILRs）和Toll样受体（TLRs）在免疫和炎症中扮演着重要作用，被大多数细胞类型表达，包括固有和适应性免疫系统的细胞。在这种情况下，IL-1超家族成员也是调节适应性和固有淋巴细胞的功能和分化的重要因素。为避免无法控制的激活，这个系统受到严格调控，以避免对自体免疫或过敏反应做出不利贡献的有害炎症。IL-1R8（也称为TIR8或SIGIRR）是IL-1受体家族的一员，作为负性调节器阻尼ILR和TLR信号，同时也是人类IL-37的共受体。人和小鼠NK细胞，在肿瘤和感染的免疫监视中扮演着重要角色，表达高水平的IL-1R8。在本文中，我们将总结我们对IL-1R8结构，表达和功能的现有理解，并讨论IL-1R8作为重要检查点在包括癌症和病毒感染在内的病理条件下调节NK细胞功能的新兴作用。 Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.。版权所有。

Interleukin-1 receptor family members (ILRs) and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) play pivotal role in immunity and inflammation and are expressed by most cell types including cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system. In this context, IL-1 superfamily members are also important players in regulating function and differentiation of adaptive and innate lymphoid cells. This system is tightly regulated in order to avoid uncontrolled activation, which may lead to detrimental inflammation contributing to autoimmune or allergic responses. IL-1R8 (also known as TIR8 or SIGIRR) is a member of the IL-1R family that acts as a negative regulator dampening ILR and TLR signaling and as a co-receptor for human IL-37. Human and mouse NK cells, that are key players in immune surveillance of tumors and infections, express high level of IL-1R8. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding on the structure, expression and function of IL-1R8 and we will also discuss the emerging role of IL-1R8 as an important checkpoint regulating NK cells function in pathological conditions including cancer and viral infections.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.