合并症对癌症治疗有重要影响，可能影响癌症诊断的时机，影响最佳治疗，影响治疗结果并增加医疗保健成本。因此，全面评估癌症的并发症并检查其随时间的趋势非常重要。在此，我们对五种最常见癌症的并发症类型和患病率进行了系统文献综述。文献搜索范围为1990年至2020年之间的经济合作与发展组织(OECD)国家的英语或荷兰语研究，并在代表性人群中使用例行收集的数据。搜索结果共获得3,070篇文章，其中161篇符合数据分析的条件。我们进行了多水平分析，以评估并发症患病率和随时间的趋势变化的决定因素。加权平均并发症患病率为33.4%，肺癌(46.7%)和结直肠癌(40.0%)最常见，其次是前列腺癌(28.5%)，黑色素瘤(28.3%)和乳腺癌(22.4%)。最常见的并发症类型是高血压(29.7%)，肺部疾病(15.9%)和糖尿病(13.5%)。校正性别、并发症指数类型、年龄、数据来源(患者记录与索赔)和国家后，发现并发症患病率年增长率为0.54%。总体而言，大量癌症患者的并发症有所增加，这可以用来为治疗选择提供信息并改善健康结果及降低医疗保健成本。

Comorbidities can have major implications for cancer care, as they might impact the timing of cancer diagnosis, compromise optimal care, affect treatment outcomes, and increase healthcare costs. Thus, it is important to comprehensively evaluate cancer comorbidities and examine trends over time. Here, we performed a systematic literature review on the prevalence and types of comorbidities for the five most common forms of cancer. Observational studies from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries published between 1990 and 2020 in English or Dutch that used routinely collected data from a representative population were included. The search yielded 3,070 articles of which 161 were eligible for data analyses. Multilevel analyses were performed to evaluate determinants of variation in comorbidity prevalence and trends over time. The weighted average comorbidity prevalence was 33.4%, and comorbidities were the most common in lung cancer (46.7%) and colorectal cancer (40.0%), followed by prostate (28.5%), melanoma (28.3%), and breast (22.4%). The most common types of comorbidities were hypertension (29.7%), pulmonary diseases (15.9%), and diabetes (13.5%). After adjusting for gender, type of comorbidity index, age, data source (patient records versus claims), and country, a significant increase in comorbidities of 0.54% per year was observed. Overall, a large and increasing proportion of the oncological population is dealing with comorbidities, which could be used to inform and adapt treatment options to improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.