尽管取得了巨大的进步，心血管疾病仍是全球健康的主要威胁之一，导致全球三分之一的死亡。新疗法的研究以及对血管参数的影响的调查往往受到物种特异性途径和缺乏高通量方法的限制。血管的复杂三维环境、错综复杂的细胞相互作用和器官特异性的构架进一步使追求忠实的人体体外模型变得更为复杂。不同组织的新型器官样模型的开发，例如脑、肠和肾，标志着个性化医学和疾病研究领域的飞跃。通过利用胚胎或患者来源的干细胞，在受控的体外环境中可以建立不同的发育和病理机制，并进行探究。我们最近开发了自组织的人类毛细血管血管器官，重现了血管发生、血管生成和糖尿病血管病理的关键过程。自那以后，这个器官样系统已经被用作其他疾病过程的模型，并且被改进和适应了器官的特异性。在本文中，我们将讨论新颖和替代的血管工程方法，并探讨人工血管的细胞身份与体内血管的比较。将讨论血管器官样模型的未来前景和治疗潜力。

Despite enormous advances, cardiovascular disorders are still a major threat to global health and are responsible for one-third of deaths worldwide. Research for new therapeutics and the investigation of their effects on vascular parameters is often limited by species-specific pathways and a lack of high-throughput methods. The complex 3-dimensional environment of blood vessels, intricate cellular crosstalks, and organ-specific architectures further complicate the quest for a faithful human in vitro model. The development of novel organoid models of various tissues such as brain, gut, and kidney signified a leap for the field of personalized medicine and disease research. By utilizing either embryonic- or patient-derived stem cells, different developmental and pathological mechanisms can be modeled and investigated in a controlled in vitro environment. We have recently developed self-organizing human capillary blood vessel organoids that recapitulate key processes of vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and diabetic vasculopathy. Since then, this organoid system has been utilized as a model for other disease processes, refined, and adapted for organ specificity. In this review, we will discuss novel and alternative approaches to blood vessel engineering and explore the cellular identity of engineered blood vessels in comparison to in vivo vasculature. Future perspectives and the therapeutic potential of blood vessel organoids will be discussed.