T和B淋巴细胞（T和B细胞）是免疫效应细胞，在大多数脊椎动物中（包括硬骨鱼类）发挥着适应性免疫和防御外来病原体的关键作用。在哺乳动物中，T和B细胞的发育和免疫应答与细胞因子（包括趋化因子、干扰素、白介素、淋巴因子和肿瘤坏死因子）相关联，用于对抗病原体入侵或免疫。鉴于硬骨鱼类已经进化出了与哺乳动物类似的适应性免疫系统，并且T和B细胞具有独特的受体（B细胞受体（BCRs）和T细胞受体（TCRs）），并且普遍存在细胞因子，细胞因子在T和B细胞介导的免疫中的调节作用在哺乳动物和硬骨鱼类中是否具有进化保守性是一个耐人寻味的问题。因此，本综述的目的是总结硬骨鱼类的细胞因子和T、B细胞的当前认识以及细胞因子对这两种淋巴细胞的调节作用。这可以提供重要的信息，以比较和评估硬骨鱼类与高等脊椎动物的细胞因子功能的相似性和差异性，有助于评估和开发基于适应性免疫的疫苗或免疫刺激剂。版权所有©2022 Elsevier Ltd.

T and B lymphocytes (T and B cells) are immune effector cells that play critical roles in adaptive immunity and defend against external pathogens in most vertebrates, including teleost fish. In mammals, the development and immune response of T and B cells is associated with cytokines including chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, and tumor necrosis factors during pathogenic invasion or immunization. Given that teleost fish have evolved a similar adaptive immune system to mammals with T and B cells bearing unique receptors (B-cell receptors (BCRs) and T-cell receptors (TCRs)) and that cytokines in general have been identified, whether the regulatory roles of cytokines in T and B cell-mediated immunity are evolutionarily conserved between mammalians and teleost fish is a fascinating question. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of teleost cytokines and T and B cells as well as the regulatory roles of cytokines on these two types of lymphocytes. This may provide important information on the parallelisms and dissimilarities of the functions of cytokines in bony fish versus higher vertebrates, which may aid in the evaluation and development of adaptive immunity-based vaccines or immunostimulants.Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.