美墨边境地区是一个医疗资源匮乏的地区，成年人被诊断患有各种恶性肿瘤后，在此地区存活率不同。但目前还缺乏研究关注在该地区患有癌症的儿童在存活方面存在的差异。本研究的目的是评估在得到急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）、急性髓细胞白血病（AML）诊断时，住在美墨德克萨斯边境附近的儿童的存活情况，并分析边境居住对其影响。作者假设边境居住对患有儿童白血病的病患存活率存在着负面影响，与那些不住在边境地区的患者相比。 作者使用得克萨斯癌症登记数据库进行了回顾性的生存分析研究。研究对象为1995年至2017年间诊断为ALL或AML的0至19岁的患者。使用Cox比例风险模型来评估与死亡风险相关因素，使用Kaplan-Meier方法计算总体生存率。 研究期间有6002名儿童诊断患有ALL，1279名诊断为AML。结果发现，与不住在边境地区的儿童相比，住在边境地区的ALL患儿的五年总体生存率较低（77.5% 对 85.8%）。经过调整的模型显示，边境居住的ALL患儿死亡风险高于非边境地区的儿童。而对于诊断为AML的儿童来说，不论住在边境或非边境地区，其生存率均没有差异。 住在边境地区与ALL患儿较差的生存率相关，但对AML患儿的生存率影响不大。为了有效设计多级别干预和影响州级和国家癌症控制计划，迫切需要进一步研究以确定驱动这些差异的因素。本研究版权属于2023年美国癌症学会。

The US-Mexico border is a medically underserved region where survival disparities have been observed in adults diagnosed and treated for various malignancies. Studies examining survival disparities among children living in this region and diagnosed with cancer are lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of border residence on survival among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and living near the Texas-Mexico border at the time of their diagnosis. The authors hypothesized that this group experiences inferior survival compared with patients with childhood leukemia living in nonborder areas.The authors conducted a retrospective survival analysis leveraging data from the Texas Cancer Registry. The study included patients aged birth to 19 years who were diagnosed with ALL or AML between 1995 and 2017. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the factors associated with the risk of death. Overall survival estimates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods.During the study period, there were 6002 children diagnosed with ALL and 1279 diagnosed with AML. Inferior 5-year overall survival was observed among children with ALL living along the border region compared with those living in nonborder areas (77.5% vs. 85.8%). In adjusted models, children with ALL living along the border experienced a 30% increased hazard of death versus children living in nonborder areas. In contrast, for children with AML, survival estimates did not vary by border versus nonborder residence.Living along the border was associated with inferior survival among children with ALL, but not among children with AML. Additional studies are urgently needed to identify the factors driving these disparities to effectively design multilevel interventions and influence state and national cancer control programs.© 2023 American Cancer Society.