对于同侧乳腺肿瘤复发（IBTR）患者的手术腋窝分期，缺乏评估重复前哨淋巴结活检（rSLNB）与腋淋巴结清扫（ALND）存活率的研究。我们对2000年至2017年的《监测、流行病学和最终结果》数据库中的IBTR患者进行了回顾性研究，主要结果是rSLNB组和ALND组的总体生存率（OS）之间的比较。2141名接受乳房切除术和SLNB的患者中，524名未接受手术腋窝分期（无手术组），而1617名接受了腋窝手术的患者则作为腋窝分期接受rSLNB或ALND（rSLNB组1268人，ALND组349人）。无手术组和腋窝手术组的10年OS率分别为61.9％和73.8％（p = .001）。在1:1的匹配队列中，无手术组和腋窝手术组的10年OS率分别为61.4％和69.1％（p = .072）。调整其他因素后，IBTR的腋窝手术治疗是对OS的独立有利因素（危险比[HR]为0.71；95％CI，0.56-0.90；p = .004）。在腋窝手术组内，rSLNB显示出与ALND队列相当的10年OS（log-rank检验p = .054）。多元Cox分析以及亚组分析表明，rSLNB具有与ALND类似的益处（10年OS; HR，1.18；95％CI，0.88-1.58；p = .268）。这个队列研究的结果表明，接受手术腋窝分期与IBTR患者的生存率更好，并且rSLNB与ALND具有类似的长期生存结果。在乳房切除术和初始SLNB之后，可以考虑对IBTR患者进行rSLNB的手术腋窝分期。©2023美国癌症协会。

There is a lack of studies assessing the survival of repeat sentinel lymph node biopsy (rSLNB) versus axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for surgical axillary staging among patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR).We retrospectively identified patients with IBTR from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2000 to 2017. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) between the rSLNB and ALND groups.Of the 2141 women with IBTR after lumpectomy and SLNB, 524 did not receive surgical axillary staging (nonsurgery group) and 1617 patients who did undergo axilla surgery received either rSLNB or ALND as axillary staging (1268 with rSLNB and 349 with ALND). The 10-year OS rates were 61.9% for the nonsurgery and 73.8% for axilla surgery groups (p = .001). In the 1:1 matched cohorts, the 10-year OS rates were 61.4% for the nonsurgery and 69.1% for axilla surgery groups (p = .072). After adjusting for other factors, axillary surgery treatment of IBTR was an independent favorable factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56-0.90; p = .004). Within the axilla surgery group, rSLNB presented a comparable 10-year OS to the ALND cohort (log-rank test p = .054). Multivariate Cox analysis, as well as subgroup analysis, showed that rSLNB had a similar benefit to ALND (10-year OS; HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.88-1.58; p = .268).The results of this cohort study suggested that receiving surgical axillary staging was associated with better survival of IBTR patients, and rSLNB had a similar long-term survival outcome as ALND. rSLNB might be considered for surgical axillary staging among patients with IBTR after lumpectomy and initial SLNB.© 2023 American Cancer Society.