认知功能越来越成为神经肿瘤试验次要结局的评估内容。然而，评估哪些认知领域或测试仍然存在争议。在这篇综述分析中，我们旨在阐明成人胶质瘤患者的长期测试特定的认知结果。系统检索获得7098篇文章进行筛选。单独针对每个认知测试以纵向和横向设计的研究进行随机效应的荟萃分析，以调查胶质瘤患者的认知变化以及在一年以上随访中患者和对照组的差异。对于纵向设计，采用元回归分析和额外的认知测试（介于基线和一年后治疗之间）来调查在纵向设计中实践对结果的影响。共回顾了83项研究，其中37项进行了荟萃分析，涉及了4078名患者。在纵向设计中，语义流畅性是最敏感的测试，可以检测到随时间推移的认知下降。在没有中间测试的患者中，MMSE、数字串前向、语言流畅度和语义流畅度的认知表现会逐渐下降。在横向研究中，患者在MMSE、数字串后向、语义流畅度、Stroop速度干扰任务、迹线制作测试B和手指击打测试中的表现均低于对照组。治疗后一年后，胶质瘤患者的认知表现与常态相比显著下降，特定测试可能更加敏感。随时间推移，认知下降也会发生，但由于实践效果（由于中间测试的结果），在纵向设计中很容易被忽略。在未来的纵向试验中，有必要充分进行实践效果的纠正。©作者（2023年）由牛津大学出版社代表神经肿瘤学会发表。

Cognitive functioning is increasingly assessed as a secondary outcome in neuro-oncological trials. However, which cognitive domains or tests to assess, remains debatable. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to elucidate the longer-term test-specific cognitive outcomes in adult glioma patients.A systematic search yielded 7098 articles for screening. To investigate cognitive changes in glioma patients and differences between patients and controls ≥one-year follow-up, random-effects meta-analyses were conducted per cognitive test, separately for studies with a longitudinal and cross-sectional design. A meta-regression analysis with a moderator for interval testing (additional cognitive testing between baseline and one-year post-treatment) was performed to investigate the impact of practice in longitudinal designs.Eighty-three studies were reviewed, of which 37 were analyzed in the meta-analysis, involving 4078 patients. In longitudinal designs, semantic fluency was the most sensitive test to detect cognitive decline over time. Cognitive performance on MMSE, digit span forward, phonemic and semantic fluency declined over time in patients who had no interval testing. In cross-sectional studies, patients performed worse than controls on the MMSE, digit span backward, semantic fluency, Stroop speed interference task, trail making test B and finger tapping.Cognitive performance of glioma patients one year after treatment is significantly lower compared to the norm, with specific tests potentially being more sensitive. Cognitive decline over time occurs as well, but can easily be overlooked in longitudinal designs due to practice effects (as a result of interval testing). It is warranted to sufficiently correct for practice effects in future longitudinal trials.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology.