多响应水凝胶是一种智能软材料，能够对多种外部刺激做出响应，并成为生物医学应用，如药物传递的强大工具。在此背景下，为了消除抗生素的有系统的给药，重点关注开发治疗细菌感染的局部控制性抗生素传递系统。本研究提出了一种电化学响应水凝胶，能够释放广谱抗生素氯霉素（CAM），该抗生素也用于抗癌治疗。该水凝胶是通过将聚丙烯酸（PAA）接枝到海藻酸钠（Alg）上，同时原位封装含CAM（PEDOT/CAM NPs）的聚（3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩）纳米颗粒制备而成，该纳米颗粒是通过乳液聚合获得的。尽管PEDOT对电刺激的响应是控制CAM从PEDOT/CAM NPs释放的主要控制因素，但通过被动扩散释放的CAM也有相当重要的贡献。相反，整个工程水凝胶系统Alg-g-PAA/PEDOT/CAM中的抗生素被动释放很少，而在酸性环境下，通过电刺激获得了显着的释放。细菌测试和癌细胞试验表明，经电刺激释放的CAM仍然具有生物活性。值得注意的是，所开发的水凝胶对电刺激和pH值改变的双重响应成功证明了这种智能材料在生物医学领域的巨大前景，作为抗击细菌感染和提供局部癌症治疗的工具。

Multiresponsive hydrogels, which are smart soft materials that respond to more than one external stimulus, have emerged as powerful tools for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery. Within this context and with the aim of eliminating the systematic administration of antibiotics, special attention is being paid to the development of systems for controlled delivery of antibiotic for topical treatment of bacterial infections. In this work, an electro-chemo responsive hydrogel able to release chloramphenicol (CAM), a broad spectrum antibiotic also used for anticancer therapy, is proposed. This has been prepared by grafting poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to sodium alginate (Alg) and in situ encapsulation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanoparticles loaded with CAM (PEDOT/CAM NPs), which were obtained by emulsion polymerization. Although the response to electrical stimuli of PEDOT was the main control for the release of CAM from PEDOT/CAM NPs, the release by passive diffusion had a relatively important contribution. Conversely, the passive release of antibiotic from the whole engineered hydrogel system, Alg-g-PAA/PEDOT/CAM, was negligible, whereas significant release was achieved under electrostimulation in an acid environment. Bacterial tests and assays with cancer cells demonstrated that the biological activity of CAM remained after release by electrical stimulation. Notably, the successful dual-response of the developed hydrogel to electrical stimuli and pH changes evidence the great prospect of this smart material in the biomedical field, as a tool to fight against bacterial infections and to provide local cancer treatment.