中性粒细胞是免疫系统的主要执行和调节者。它们不仅在清除病原体中发挥至关重要的作用，还在癌症的引发和进展中起着关键作用。相反，癌症的存在影响中性粒细胞的活性、成熟度和寿命。通过促进或抑制关键的中性粒细胞功能，癌细胞将中性粒细胞的生物学机能控制在自己的优势下。其中，包括抢夺中性粒细胞最引人注目的病原体防御机制之一：中性粒细胞外网（NET）的形成。NET是由DNA、组蛋白和细胞毒性颗粒衍生的蛋白质构成的网状细胞外结构。在此，我们讨论了癌症刺激NET形成的双向相互作用，以及NET反过来支持疾病进展。我们评估中性粒细胞和NETs引起的血管功能障碍和血栓形成如何导致癌症患者心血管事件死亡率升高。最后，我们提出在临床设置中针对NETs的治疗策略可能会取得有效成果。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Inc.。保留所有权利。

Neutrophils are major effectors and regulators of the immune system. They play critical roles not only in the eradication of pathogens but also in cancer initiation and progression. Conversely, the presence of cancer affects neutrophil activity, maturation, and lifespan. By promoting or repressing key neutrophil functions, cancer cells co-opt neutrophil biology to their advantage. This co-opting includes hijacking one of neutrophils' most striking pathogen defense mechanisms: the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web-like filamentous extracellular structures of DNA, histones, and cytotoxic granule-derived proteins. Here, we discuss the bidirectional interplay by which cancer stimulates NET formation, and NETs in turn support disease progression. We review how vascular dysfunction and thrombosis caused by neutrophils and NETs underlie an elevated risk of death from cardiovascular events in cancer patients. Finally, we propose therapeutic strategies that may be effective in targeting NETs in the clinical setting.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.