骨髓增生性肿瘤(MPNs)起源于骨髓造血干细胞和祖细胞无法控制地增殖。与所有肿瘤一样，MPNs的发展是恶性细胞和其他支持和促进肿瘤进展的外部因素相互交互的结果。自发现驱动基因突变以来，大量工作集中在研究和审查该疾病的基因组特征，但忽视了许多其他机制可能发挥的重要作用。本综述论述了MPNs的遗传成分，但主要关注了一些最相关的研究，探讨其他可能对该疾病至关重要的非遗传因素。这里总结的研究涉及MPN细胞内或细胞外因素及它们之间的相互作用，包括转录组、蛋白组和微生物组学等。

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) arise from the uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in bone marrow. As with all tumors, the development of MPNs is a consequence of alterations in malignant cells and their interaction with other extrinsic factors that support and promote tumor progression. Since the discovery of driver mutations, much work has focused on studying and reviewing the genomic features of the disease but has neglected to delve into the important role that many other mechanisms may play. This review discusses the genetic component of MPNs but focuses mainly on some of the most relevant work investigating other non-genetic factors that may be crucial for the disease. The studies summarized here address MPN cell-intrinsic or -extrinsic factors and the interaction between them through transcriptomic, proteomic and microbiota studies, among others.