新型免疫治疗法目前正在用于R/R ALL患者身上，因为它们不仅能够诱导血液学疾病缓解，还能够诱导分子疾病缓解。尽管初步结果是很有希望的，但是特定的临床情况，如高肿瘤负荷或额外骨髓复发仍然与非常糟糕的临床结果相关。因此，在不同的临床情况下，如何优化这种新治疗方式的选择和时机仍然是一个争议的问题。此外，为了提高分子缓解率和深度，临床研究目前正在评估这些免疫治疗法与化学疗法相结合以进行一线治疗。初步数据表明，这种方法可能会增加治愈率，并可能减少一线缓解时异基因造血干细胞移植（alloHSCT）的使用。在Ph-阳性的ALL患者中，可重复结果显示，基于酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和免疫疗法的一线治疗方案能够实现前所未有的血液学和分子缓解率以及长期治愈，即使在没有化疗和alloHSCT的情况下。这些研究结果已经导致了潜在的治愈性治疗模式的开发，即使对于不能接受传统强化化疗的老年ALL患者也是如此。本综述审查了新型免疫治疗在ALL患者中适当使用的证据，并提供了对这些药物在治疗该疾病的进一步治疗改进方面当前和未来可能使用的一些评估。

Novel immune therapies are currently being used for patients with R/R ALL based on their ability to induce not only hematologic but also molecular remission. Despite promising results, specific clinical conditions, such as high tumor burden or extra medullary relapse, are still associated with a remarkably poor clinical outcome. Therefore, how to optimize the choice and the timing of such new treatments within different clinical settings remains a matter of debate. In addition, with the aim of increasing the rate and depth of molecular remission, clinical studies are currently evaluating the combination of these immunotherapies with chemotherapy in the contest of frontline treatment. The preliminary data suggest that this approach may increase the cure rate and perhaps reduce the use of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in first remission. In Ph-positive ALL, reproducible results are showing that frontline treatment programs, based on the combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy, can achieve unprecedented rates of hematologic and molecular remission as well as a long-term cure, even in the absence of chemotherapy and alloHSCT. The results from these studies have led to the development of potentially curative treatment modalities, even for older ALL patients who cannot be treated with conventional intensive chemotherapy. The present review examined the evidence for an appropriate use of the new immunotherapies in ALL patients and provided some appraisal of the current and future possible uses of these drugs for achieving further therapeutic improvement in the treatment of this disease.