成功的癌症免疫治疗的核心是有效的T细胞抗肿瘤免疫。设计用于激发T细胞抗肿瘤免疫的多种靶向免疫疗法依赖于识别肿瘤细胞表面上表达的T细胞抗原库。基于质谱的这类抗原的调查（“免疫蛋白质组学”），结合其他组学平台和计算算法在识别和定量肿瘤衍生的T细胞抗原方面起着关键作用。在本综述中，我们探讨了针对靶向癌症免疫治疗出现的肿瘤抗原类型以及在MHC肽识别和定量中扮演核心角色的免疫蛋白质组学方法。我们概述了基于质谱驱动方法的优势和局限性，以及它们如何与其他技术整合起来发现可靶向的T细胞抗原以用于癌症免疫治疗。我们重点介绍一些成功利用免疫蛋白质组学的新兴癌症免疫疗法，以及它们面临的挑战和基于质谱的策略如何支持它们的开发。版权所有© 2023 Elsevier Ltd.。保留所有权利。

Central to successful cancer immunotherapy is effective T cell antitumor immunity. Multiple targeted immunotherapies engineered to invigorate T cell-driven antitumor immunity rely on identifying the repertoire of T cell antigens expressed on the tumor cell surface. Mass spectrometry-based survey of such antigens ("immunopeptidomics") combined with other omics platforms and computational algorithms has been instrumental in identifying and quantifying tumor-derived T cell antigens. In this review, we discuss the types of tumor antigens that have emerged for targeted cancer immunotherapy and the immunopeptidomics methods that are central in MHC peptide identification and quantification. We provide an overview of the strength and limitations of mass spectrometry-driven approaches and how they have been integrated with other technologies to discover targetable T cell antigens for cancer immunotherapy. We highlight some of the emerging cancer immunotherapies that successfully capitalized on immunopeptidomics, their challenges, and mass spectrometry-based strategies that can support their development.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.