纳米载体免疫原-药物输送系统专门与免疫细胞相互作用，提供智能输送模式以提高抗原输送效率并促进免疫进程。然而，这些纳米颗粒通常具有对细胞的弱吸附力、吸收不足的问题，导致免疫反应失败。受病毒结构和功能的启发，通过模拟病毒的表面结构、径向中心尖刺结构和粗糙表面拓扑结构，制备了类病毒介孔硅纳米粒子(VMSNs)，并与toll样受体7/8激动剂{imiquimod}(IMQ)和卵巢蛋白白蛋白{OVA}一起作用。与传统的球形介孔硅纳米粒子(MSNs)相比，VMSNs在细胞和体内都被证明具有生物相容性，并具有更高的细胞入侵能力和独特的内吞途径，释放自溶酶体并促进抗原交叉表达。此外，VMSNs通过激活DCs成熟和增加CD8+ T细胞比例有效抑制了B16-OVA肿瘤生长。这项工作表明，类病毒介孔硅纳米粒子共同供应OVA和IMQ，能够引发强效的肿瘤免疫应答并抑制肿瘤生长，因为表面尖刺结构引发了强大的细胞免疫应答，并无疑为进一步优化纳米疫苗输送系统提供了良好的基础。

Nanocarrier antigen-drug delivery system interacts specifically with immune cells and provides intelligent delivery modes to improve antigen delivery efficiency and facilitate immune progression. However, these nanoparticles often have weak adhesion to cells, followed by insufficient cell absorption, leading to a failed immune response. Inspired by the structure and function of viruses, virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles (VMSNs) were prepared by simulating the surface structure, centripetal-radialized spike structure and rough surface topology of the virus and co-acted with the toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist imiquimod (IMQ) and antigens oocyte albumin (OVA). Compared to the conventional spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), VMSNs which was proven to be biocompatible in both cellular and in vivo level, had higher cell invasion ability and unique endocytosis pathway that was released from lysosomes and promoted antigen cross-expression. Furthermore, VMSNs effectively inhibited B16-OVA tumor growth by activating DCs maturation and increasing the proportion of CD8+ T cells. This work demonstrated that virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles co-supply OVA and IMQ, could induce potent tumor immune responses and inhibit tumor growth as a consequence of the surface spike structure induces a robust cellular immune response, and undoubtedly provided a good basis for further optimizing the nanovaccine delivery system.