以20年的时间跨度对比一组初次进行系统性TRUS检查的非恶性前列腺活检后随后前列腺癌的发病率和死亡率，与与之在年龄和日历年匹配的人群。这篇基于人群的分析将丹麦1995年至2016年之间进行了初次TRUS非恶性前列腺活检的所有男性（N=37,231）的队列与从NORDCAN 9.1数据库中获得的与年龄和日历年匹配的丹麦人口进行比较。计算出年龄和日历年校正的标准化前列腺癌发病率（SIR）和前列腺癌特异性死亡率比（SMR），并使用Cochran's Q评估年龄组之间的异质性。截尾中位数为11年，有4,434名男性进行了超过15年的随访。校正后的SIR为5.2（95％CI：5.1-5.4），校正后的SMR为0.74（95％CI：0.67-0.81）。估计结果在不同年龄组之间有所不同（对于两者都为P <0.001），年轻人的SIR和SMR更高。非恶性TRUS活检男性的前列腺癌发病率较高，但前列腺癌死亡风险低于平均水平，这表明初次TRUS活检漏诊的肿瘤的肿瘤学风险较低。因此，试图增加初次活检的敏感性是不合理的。此外，目前对非恶性活检后的随访可能过于激进，尤其是对60岁以上的男性。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。

To compare the incidence of subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis and death following an initial non-malignant systematic TRUS biopsy to an age- and calendar-year matched population over a 20-year period.This population-based analysis compares a cohort of all men with initial non-malignant TRUS biopsy in Denmark between 1995-2016 (N=37,231) to the Danish population matched by age and calendar year, obtained from the NORDCAN 9.1 database. Age and calendar year corrected standardized prostate cancer incidence (SIR) and prostate cancer-specific mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated and the heterogeneity between age groups assessed with the Cochran's Q.Median time to censoring was 11 years, and 4,434 men were followed for more than 15 years. The corrected SIR was 5.2 (95%CI: 5.1-5.4) and corrected SMR was 0.74 (95%CI: 0.67-0.81). Estimates differed between age groups (P<0.001 for both) with a higher SIR and SMR among younger men.Men with non-malignant TRUS biopsy have a much higher incidence of prostate cancer but a risk of prostate cancer death below the population average. This underlines that the oncological risk of cancers missed in the initial TRUS biopsy is low. Accordingly, attempts to increase sensitivity of initial biopsy are unjustified. Moreover, current follow-up after non-malignant biopsy is likely overaggressive, particularly in men over the age of 60.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.