使用计算机断层扫描（CT）和正电子发射断层扫描（PET）比较不同反应标准，测量晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者 PD-1 阻断单药治疗后早期阶段的反应和生存情况。共登记了 54 例有基线 2-脱氧-2-[氟-18]-氟葡萄糖 PET 或 CT 检查，以及 PD-1 阻断治疗后 4 周和 9 周的患者。根据实体瘤反应评估标准（RECIST）、免疫修正 RECIST（irRECIST）、实体瘤 PET 反应标准（PERCIST）、免疫修正 PERCIST（iPERCIST）和欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织（EORTC）对分类组（如响应者与非响应者和控制与未控制疾病）进行治疗反应评估。使用 Cohen's κ 来评估不同标准之间的一致性。 对于响应者 vs. 非响应者，CT 和 PET 反应标准之间的一致性是公平或轻微的，但是 iPERCIST 和 irRECIST 没有受到控制和未受控制疾病方面的一致性中等。 EORTC 与 PERCIST 或 iPERCIST 在检测响应者方面的协议在代谢肿瘤体积（MTV）和总病变醛酸化物（TLG）的应用中较在标准摄取值 (SUL)peak 相比更高。为了区分控制和未控制的疾病，RECIST，irRECIST 和 PET 标准（PERCIST、iPERCIST 和 EORTC），根据 MTV 或 TLG 定义的被证明是进展无瘤生存的显著预测因子。为了区分响应者和非响应者，SULpeak 的 iPERCIST 或 TLG 的 EORTC 被鉴定为显著的指标。 EORTC 标准使用 TLG 来检测响应者或未控制的疾病在响应评估中的预测价值显著更高。 基于 TLG 的 EORTC 标准可作为 PD-1 阻断后 4 周进行响应评估的有效方法。当未使用 SULpeak 时，基于 MTV 或 TLG 的 EORTC 和 PERCIST 或 iPERCIST 的一致性几乎是完美的。 © 2023。作者（们）保留所有权利。

To compare different response criteria using computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) in measuring response and survival in the early phase after programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).A total of 54 patients with advanced NSCLC who had 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-D-glucose PET or CT at baseline, and 4 and 9 weeks after PD-1 blockade, were registered. Therapeutic response was assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), the immune-modified RECIST (irRECIST), the PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST), the immune-modified PERCIST (iPERCIST), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria for dichotomous groups, such as responders vs. non-responders and controlled vs. uncontrolled diseases. Cohen's κ was used to evaluate the concordance among the different criteria.The concordance between CT and PET response criteria was fair or slight for responders vs. non-responders, but the agreement between iPERCIST and irRECIST was moderate for controlled vs. uncontrolled diseases. The agreement between EORTC and PERCIST or iPERCIST in detecting responders was higher in the application of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) than in the standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SUL)peak. To distinguish controlled from uncontrolled disease, RECIST, irRECIST, and PET criteria (PERCIST, iPERCIST, and EORTC) defined by MTV or TLG were found to be significant predictors of progression-free survival. To distinguish responders from non-responders, iPERCIST by SULpeak or EORTC by TLG were identified as significant indicators. The EORTC criteria using TLG for the detection of responders or uncontrolled diseases had a significantly higher predictive value for response assessment.The EORTC criteria based on TLG for the early detection of responders and uncontrolled disease were effective as a response assessment at 4 weeks after the PD-1 blockade. When SULpeak was not used but MTV or TLG was, the agreement between EORTC and PERCIST or iPERCIST was almost perfect.© 2023. The Author(s).