基因组在身体中的所有细胞中几乎是相同的。然而，每个细胞的功能和形态都不同，决定这些差异的因素是细胞中表达的基因和蛋白质。在过去几十年中，对表观遗传信息（如DNA甲基化，组蛋白修饰，染色质可及性和染色质构象）的研究表明，这些属性在基因调控中发挥了基础性的作用。此外，各种疾病，如癌症已发现与表观遗传机制有关。在本研究中，我们总结了表观遗传的生物学特性和单细胞表观基因组分析技术，并讨论了表观遗传学领域未来的挑战。

The genome is almost identical in all the cells of the body. However, the functions and morphologies of each cell are different, and the factors that determine them are the genes and proteins expressed in the cells. Over the past decades, studies on epigenetic information, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, and chromatin conformation have shown that these properties play a fundamental role in gene regulation. Furthermore, various diseases such as cancer have been found to be associated with epigenetic mechanisms. In this study, we summarized the biological properties of epigenetics and single-cell epigenomic profiling techniques, and discussed future challenges in the field of epigenetics.