自70年代末以来，药物在环境中不断输入引起了人类和环境健康相关化合物可能造成的潜在风险的关注。在环境影响方面，一大类药物是抗肿瘤药物（AAs）。本次研究采用系统回顾的方法，检索有关淡水物种抗肿瘤药物（AAs）的生态毒理学信息。在此分析中，从微生物到脊椎动物等多样的分类群，审视了不同层次的生物组织，包括细胞系。此外，本回顾将艾马替尼（IM）、顺铂（CisPt）和5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）的生态毒理学参数（EC50和LC50）汇总到物种敏感性分布曲线（SSD）中，估计了考虑到95％生态群落保护的危险浓度（HC5）。最后，我们提出了如何提高AAs的环境风险评估（ERA），包括潜在的可采用的毒性终点、测试持续时间、AAs代谢产物测试和AAs混合物暴露等方面。版权所有 © 2023，Elsevier B.V. 发布。

Since the late 70s, the continuous pharmaceuticals` input into the environment has raised concerns regarding the eventual risk posed by such compounds to human and environmental health. A major group of pharmaceuticals in terms of environmental impact are the antineoplastic agents (AAs). Herein, we followed a systematic review method to retrieve antineoplastic agents (AAs') ecotoxicological information regarding freshwater species. In this analysis, data from diverse taxonomic groups, from microorganisms to vertebrate species, looked at different levels of biological organization, including cell lines. Furthermore, this review gathers ecotoxicological parameters (EC50 and LC50) for imatinib (IM), cisplatin (CisPt), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves and estimates the hazard concentration (HC5) considering the protection of 95% of the ecological community. Lastly, we suggest how we can improve AAs' Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA), considering potential adoptable toxicity endpoints, test duration, AAs metabolites testing, and AAs mixture exposure.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.