Exosome是细胞外囊泡的一种亚群，已经成为了多种疾病的有效治疗工具。工程化Exosome是一种表面修饰和内部治疗分子改良的Exosome。经适当修饰后，工程化的 Exosome 能够以更少的治疗相关不良反应将抗肿瘤药物高效、精准地输送至肿瘤部位。然而，工程化 Exosome 的临床转化仍存在许多挑战。例如，什么来源和改良策略能够赋予 Exosome 最有效的抗肿瘤活性还不清楚。此外，在不同的抗肿瘤治疗中如何选择适当的工程化Exosome也是另一个未解决的问题。在本综述中，我们总结了工程化 Exosome 的特性，特别是空间和时间特性。此外，我们还总结了近期在癌症领域中工程化 Exosome 的最新进展，包括工程化Exosome的来源、分离技术、改良策略以及工程化Exosome的标记和成像方法。此外，我们还总结了工程化 Exosome 在不同抗肿瘤治疗中的应用，如光动力疗法、基因治疗和免疫治疗等。因此，上述内容为该社区的癌症研究人员提供了有关工程化 Exosome 改良的最新想法和新药开发指导方向，有望加速工程化 Exosome 的临床转化，实现针对癌症的治疗。 ©2023年作者（们）

Exosome is a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, which has been serving as an efficient therapeutic tool for various diseases. Engineered exosomes are the sort of exosomes modified with surface decoration and internal therapeutic molecules. After appropriate modification, engineered exosomes are able to deliver antitumor drugs to tumor sites efficiently and precisely with fewer treatment-related adverse effects. However, there still exist many challenges for the clinical translation of engineered exosomes. For instance, what sources and modification strategies could endow exosomes with the most efficient antitumor activity is still poorly understood. Additionally, how to choose appropriately engineered exosomes in different antitumor therapies is another unresolved problem. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of engineered exosomes, especially the spatial and temporal properties. Additionally, we concluded the recent advances in engineered exosomes in the cancer fields, including the sources, isolation technologies, modification strategies, and labeling and imaging methods of engineered exosomes. Furthermore, the applications of engineered exosomes in different antitumor therapies were summarized, such as photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. Consequently, the above provides the cancer researchers in this community with the latest ideas on engineered exosome modification and new direction of new drug development, which is prospective to accelerate the clinical translation of engineered exosomes for cancer-targeted therapy.© 2023. The Author(s).