混合寄生虫感染可能会影响宿主的免疫反应并重建彼此的病理机制。托克虫和旋毛虫共同感染对免疫反应的影响仍不清楚。本研究旨在探究慢性旋毛虫病对T. gondii病毒性RH株感染的大鼠免疫反应可能的影响。动物被分为四组：第一组：非感染阴性对照组；第二组：感染旋毛虫；第三组：感染弓形虫；第四组：在旋毛虫感染后35天感染托克虫（共同感染组）。通过对肝和脑组织进行组织病理学检查、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和β-catenin在脑组织中的免疫组织化学表达、CD4+和CD8+ T细胞百分比以及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α在脾组织中的表达来评估旋毛虫和托克虫之间的相互作用。同时，测量感染托克虫后15天的脾脏白细胞介素（IL）-4和IL-10 mRNA表达水平。我们的研究发现，先感染旋毛虫会导致对托克虫的Th1反应减弱，包括iNOS、TNF-α和CD8+T细胞反应减弱，但改善了组织的病理变化。最终，共同感染的大鼠发展出平衡的免疫反应，结果是肝和脑组织中病理变化的改善。

Mixed parasitic infections could affect the host immunological responses and re-design the pathogenesis of each other. The impact of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) co-infection on the immune response remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of chronic trichinellosis on the immune response of rats infected with T. gondii virulent RH strain. Animals were divided into four groups: group I: non-infected negative control; group II: infected with T. spiralis; group III: infected with T. gondii and group IV: infected with T. spiralis then infected with T. gondii 35 days post T. spiralis infection (co-infected group). The interaction between T. spiralis and T. gondii was evaluated by histopathological examination of liver and brain tissues, immunohistochemical expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and β-catenin in the brain tissues, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells percentages, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression in the spleen tissues. Along with, splenic interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression levels were measured 15 days post-Toxoplasma infection. Our study revealed that prior infection with T. spiralis leads to attenuation of Th1 response against T. gondii, including iNOS, TNF-α, and CD8+ T-cell response with improvement of the histopathological changes in the tissues. In conclusion, in the co-infected rats, a balanced immune response has been developed with the end result, improvement of the histopathological changes in the liver and brain.