实施合适的危险废物管理是世界卫生组织环境和卫生优先事项之一，与非法行为相反。本研究旨在基于意大利国家医学研究所与位于那不勒斯北部的检察官办公室之间的合作协议，评估检察官办公室领土内非法垃圾场和城市危险废物燃烧的卫生影响。研究领域包括区域人口的自治市镇。在研究区域内，运用先前定义的四种环境市政风险 (MRI) 指标类别计算相对风险 (RRs)，并在2-4个MRI类别中进行回归分析，与第一个MRI类别 (影响最小的)相比较。利用SAS软件分析了一般人口和0-19岁人口的生殖结局、特定死因率和住院率。在整个区域内，整体癌症、胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、肾癌和缺血性心脏病等癌症病例的死亡率和住院风险增加，比较区域人口。0-19岁人口的白血病死亡率和围产期特定疾病的住院风险增加。发现妇女乳腺瘤死亡率与MRI之间的相关性 (MRI类别2: RR = 1.06; MRI类别3: RR = 1.15; MRI类别4: RR = 1.11)，以及睾丸瘤住院风险与MRI之间的相关性 (MRI类别2: RR = 1.25; MRI类别3: RR = 1.31; MRI类别4: RR = 1.32)。乳腺瘤和哮喘的住院风险在三个和四个MRI类别的两个性别中明显增加。在0-19岁人口中，发现MRI与白血病住院风险之间的相关性 (MRI类别2: RR = 1.48; MRI类别3: RR = 1.60; MRI类别4: RR = 1.41) 和早产发生率之间的相关性 (MRI类别2: RR = 1.17; MRI类别3: RR = 1.08; MRI类别4: RR = 1.25)。发现健康结果与不受控制的废料场的环境压力存在相关性。尽管存在研究局限性，但研究结果促进了实施环境修复和打击非法行为的行动。版权所有©2023 Fazzo、Manno、Iavarone、Minelli、De Santis、Beccaloni、Scaini、Miotto、Airoma和Comba。

The implementation of idoneous management of hazardous waste, in contrast to illegal practices, is one of the environment and health priorities of the WHO. The aim of the present study, based on a collaborative agreement between the Italian National Health Institute and a Prosecution Office located in Naples North, was to evaluate the health effects of illegal landfills and burning of urban and hazardous waste in the territory of the Prosecution Office.The municipalities included in the study territory were investigated with respect to the regional population. Regression analyses were performed in the study area between four classes of an environmental municipal indicator of waste risk (MRI) previously defined, computing the relative risks (RRs) in 2-4 MRI classes, with respect to the first MRI class (the least impacted). The prevalence of reproductive outcomes and cause-specific mortality and hospitalization were analyzed in the general population and in the 0-19-year-old population using SAS software.An increase of mortality and hospitalization risk in both the genders of the whole area, with respect to regional population, were found for overall all cancer cases, cancer of the stomach, the liver, the lung and the kidney, and ischemic heart diseases. An increase of mortality for leukemias in the 0-19-year-old population and in hospitalization risk for certain conditions originating in the perinatal period were observed. Correlation between MRI and the risk of mortality from breast tumors in women (MRI class 2: RR = 1.06; MRI class 3: RR = 1.15; MRI class 4: RR = 1.11) and between MRI and the risk of hospitalization from testis tumors (MRI class 2: RR = 1.25; MRI class 3: RR = 1.31; MRI class 4: RR = 1.32) were found. The hospitalization risk from breast tumors and asthma exceeded significantly in both genders of three and four MRI classes. Among the 0-19-year-old population, correlation between MRI and hospitalization from leukemias (MRI class 2: RR = 1.48; MRI class 3: RR = 1.60; MRI class 4: RR = 1.41) and between MRI and the prevalence of preterm birth (MRI class 2: RR = 1.17; MRI class 3: RR = 1.08; MRI class 4: RR = 1.25) were found.A correlation between health outcomes and the environmental pressure by uncontrolled waste sites was found. Notwithstanding the limitation of the study, the results promote implementing the actions of environmental remediation and the prosecution of illegal practices.Copyright © 2023 Fazzo, Manno, Iavarone, Minelli, De Santis, Beccaloni, Scaini, Miotto, Airoma and Comba.