肿瘤中滞留的免疫细胞密集（火热性肿瘤），对免疫检查点阻断治疗的反应率比T细胞浸润较少的（冷性肿瘤）要高。我们在此报道，肺癌患者的种族背景不同，在肿瘤微环境中具有不同的免疫细胞形态。与非裔美国人相比，白人美国人表现出增加的免疫细胞浸润和血管，以及增加的存活率。在现吸烟者和非吸烟者中，与前吸烟者和总患者相比，生存率和免疫形态变化最显著。社区分析表明，免疫细胞在CA但不在AA周围累积于癌细胞周围。我们的研究揭示了AA和CA肺癌患者之间的固有生物学差异，表明治疗计划应定制给不同种族背景的患者。我们报道了肺癌患者之间生物学的种族差异，白种人相对于非裔美国人表现为火热肿瘤微环境。治疗方案应该量身定制，以最大化治疗效果。 Ⓒ 2022年作者；由美国癌症研究协会发表。

Tumors accumulated with infiltrated immune cells (hot tumors) have a higher response rate to immune checkpoint blockade, when compared with those with minimal T-cell infiltration (cold tumors). We report here that patients with lung cancer with different racial backgrounds harbored distinct immune cell profiles in the tumor microenvironment. Compared with African Americans (AA), Caucasian Americans (CA) exhibited increased immune cell infiltration and vasculature, and increased survival. Changes of survival and immune profile were most pronounced among active smokers and nonsmokers, compared with former smokers and total patients. Neighborhood analysis showed that immune cells accumulated around cancer cells in CAs but not AAs. Our findings reveal intrinsic biological differences between AA and CA patients with lung cancer, suggesting that treatment plans should be tailored for patients with different racial backgrounds.We report biological racial differences among patients with lung cancer where Caucasians present a hot tumor microenvironment compared with cold tumor in AAs. Treatment plans should be customized to maximize therapeutic outcomes.© 2022 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.