成人发病的斯蒂尔氏病（AOSD）和恶性肿瘤之间的关联先前已经被观察到。然而，只有少量的病例描述了AOSD和白血病的组合，其中无一报告AOSD相关症状作为急性髓细胞白血病（AML）的首发表现。这种表现可能代表着一种寄生性肿瘤综合征或与AOSD相似的白血病性关节炎。在这里，作者报告了一个23岁女性的病例，她符合AOSD诊断的山口标准。她出现了多关节炎，咽喉疼痛和每日发热，伴有非瘙痒性的鲑色斑丘疹。她的实验室工作显示明显的全血细胞减少症，导致了骨髓检查和AML诊断。患者开始接受化疗，AOSD相关症状有了显著改善。 患有潜在恶性肿瘤的患者可能出现与AOSD相似的全身症状，这需要在任何出现这种表现的患者中排除恶性肿瘤，特别是在某些警示信号如全血细胞减少症的情况下。这个病例解释了AOSD和AML之间的一种罕见关联。此外，它强调了在出现AOSD相关症状的任何患者中，及时了解应该警告临床医生可能存在潜在恶性肿瘤的迹象是多么重要。 版权所有 © 2023 作者（们）。由 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 发布。

The association between adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and malignancy has previously been observed. However, only a limited number of cases described a combination of AOSD and leukemia, none of which reported AOSD-related symptoms as the first manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This presentation might represent a paraneoplastic syndrome or leukemic arthritis mimicking AOSD.Here the authors report a case of a 23-year-old female who fulfilled the Yamaguchi criteria for an AOSD diagnosis. She presented with complaints of polyarthritis, sore throat, and daily fever spikes with the appearance of a nonpruritic maculopapular salmon-colored rash. Her laboratory work showed marked pancytopenia, which led to a bone marrow examination and an AML diagnosis. The patient started receiving chemotherapy with considerable improvement in the AOSD-related symptoms.Patients with underlying malignancies could present with systemic features compatible with AOSD, which necessitates excluding malignancy in any patient with this presentation, specifically in light of some warning signs like pancytopenia.This case interprets a rare association between AOSD and AML. In addition, it highlights how crucial it is to be aware of the signs that should warn the clinician of a possible underlying malignancy in any patient presenting with AOSD-related symptoms.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.