唐氏综合症（DS）或三体性21是一种基因病情，通常伴随先天性异常和/或状况引起的慢性疼痛，如骨关节炎、反复感染和白血病。尽管相比于一般人群，DS患者更容易患上慢性疼痛，但是这些人的疼痛感受可能会有所不同，这归因于中枢神经系统结构和功能的异质性差异，这可能会导致异常的疼痛感觉信息转导、传输、调节和感知。我们在这篇综述中详细阐述了一些关键问题和可能的解释。需要进一步澄清结构和功能差异引起这种异常状况的机制，以帮助DS患者的疼痛管理。© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21 is a genetic condition often accompanied by chronic pain caused by congenital abnormalities and/or conditions, such as osteoarthritis, recurrent infections, and leukemia. Although DS patients are more susceptible to chronic pain as compared to the general population, the pain experience in these individuals may vary, attributed to the heterogenous structural and functional differences in the central nervous system, which might result in abnormal pain sensory information transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception. We tried to elaborate on some key questions and possible explanations in this review. Further clarification of the mechanisms underlying such abnormal conditions induced by the structural and functional differences is needed to help pain management in DS patients.© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.