骨骼是转移性疾病的第三个最常见部位，会引起癌症患者的严重骨骼并发症和短期预后。前列腺和乳腺癌负责大部分的骨转移，导致溶骨或成骨病变。骨细胞之间的相互作用和与肿瘤细胞的相互作用对病变的发展至关重要。近来，无论是临床前还是临床研究都证实了骨来源因子（包括骨钙素（OC）及其未羧化形式（ucOC）、成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF23）、硬化素（SCL）和脂溶素2（LCN2））在骨转移病中作为预后症候群和潜在治疗靶点的临床相关性。OC和ucOC都可能成为防止乳腺癌骨转移的有效靶点。此外，升高的OC水平可能是前列腺癌的转移标记。在那些主要影响骨骼和/或其特征是骨转移的癌症中，FGF23尤为重要。在其他肿瘤实体中，升高的FGF23水平是莫名其妙的。SCL在溶骨和成骨病变的病理发生中起着重要作用，因为它的水平在乳腺癌和前列腺癌转移中很高。LCN2的表达水平在侵袭性癌症亚型中增加，然而在抗转移方面的作用在不同癌症类型之间存在显著差异。总之，所有前述的骨来源因子都可以作为有希望的肿瘤生物标记物。由于转移性骨病通常是不可治愈的，瞄准骨因子代表了预防骨转移和患者护理的新趋势。版权所有©2023 Martiniakova, Mondockova, Biro, Kovacova, Babikova, Zemanova, Ciernikova和Omelka。

The skeleton is the third most common site of metastatic disease, which causes serious bone complications and short-term prognosis in cancer patients. Prostate and breast cancers are responsible for the majority of bone metastasis, resulting in osteolytic or osteoblastic lesions. The crosstalk between bone cells and their interactions with tumor cells are important in the development of lesions. Recently, both preclinical and clinical studies documented the clinical relevance of bone-derived factors, including osteocalcin (OC) and its undercarboxylated form (ucOC), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), sclerostin (SCL), and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as prognostic tumor biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in bone metastasis. Both OC and ucOC could be useful targets for the prevention of bone metastasis in breast cancer. Moreover, elevated OC level may be a metastatic marker of prostate cancer. FGF23 is particularly important for those forms of cancer that primarily affect bone and/or are characterized by bone metastasis. In other tumor entities, increased FGF23 level is enigmatic. SCL plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of both osteolytic and osteoblastic lesions, as its levels are high in metastatic breast and prostate cancers. Elevated expression levels of LCN2 have been found in aggressive subtypes of cancer. However, its role in anti-metastasis varies significantly between different cancer types. Anyway, all aforementioned bone-derived factors can be used as promising tumor biomarkers. As metastatic bone disease is generally not curable, targeting bone factors represents a new trend in the prevention of bone metastasis and patient care.Copyright © 2023 Martiniakova, Mondockova, Biro, Kovacova, Babikova, Zemanova, Ciernikova and Omelka.