血小板是从骨髓中的巨核细胞中破裂出来的小型无核实体。在循环细胞中，血小板是最丰富的细胞，传统上在调节血栓形成（血小板激活的终末事件）和止血（对组织损伤的保护反应）之间保持平衡中发挥作用。尽管血小板缺乏由有核细胞提供的精确细胞控制，但它们实际上是非常动态的细胞，富含预制的RNA，使它们具有新生蛋白质合成的能力，可以改变在生理和病理事件中的血小板表型和反应。抗血小板治疗已经极大地减少了患有血栓性疾病的患者的发病率和死亡率，包括中风和心肌梗死。然而，最近几年明显表明，血小板在血栓形成和止血之外扮演着关键的角色。例如，通过构成性和调节的外排作用释放的血小板衍生蛋白可以在血浆中找到，并可能影响远端组织，包括血管。首先，血小板富含炎症和抗炎分子，可能调节血管重塑。其次，血小板衍生的微粒通过内吞过程可以被血管内皮细胞获得。第三，血小板富含线粒体，可能有助于局部反应性氧化物种池，并重塑血管的质膜的磷脂。最后，血小板富含独立于表面受体激动剂刺激可分泌的蛋白质和磷蛋白质，在血流紊乱的病理狭窄（动脉粥样硬化）或扩张（动脉瘤）部位发生。新近的证据表明，血小板可能调节血管新生和向肿瘤的血流，以及在移植后对远端器官的教育目的。本文将阐述血小板在各种疾病中重塑血管的潜力，并重点介绍上述机制。

Platelets are small, anucleate entities that bud from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Among circulating cells, platelets are the most abundant cell, traditionally involved in regulating the balance between thrombosis (the terminal event of platelet activation) and hemostasis (a protective response to tissue injury). Although platelets lack the precise cellular control offered by nucleate cells, they are in fact very dynamic cells, enriched in preformed RNA that allows them the capability of de novo protein synthesis which alters the platelet phenotype and responses in physiological and pathological events. Antiplatelet medications have significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality for patients afflicted with thrombotic diseases, including stroke and myocardial infarction. However, it has become apparent in the last few years that platelets play a critical role beyond thrombosis and hemostasis. For example, platelet-derived proteins by constitutive and regulated exocytosis can be found in the plasma and may educate distant tissue including blood vessels. First, platelets are enriched in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules that may regulate vascular remodeling. Second, platelet-derived microparticles released into the circulation can be acquired by vascular endothelial cells through the process of endocytosis. Third, platelets are highly enriched in mitochondria that may contribute to the local reactive oxygen species pool and remodel phospholipids in the plasma membrane of blood vessels. Lastly, platelets are enriched in proteins and phosphoproteins which can be secreted independent of stimulation by surface receptor agonists in conditions of disturbed blood flow. This so-called biomechanical platelet activation occurs in regions of pathologically narrowed (atherosclerotic) or dilated (aneurysmal) vessels. Emerging evidence suggests platelets may regulate the process of angiogenesis and blood flow to tumors as well as education of distant organs for the purposes of allograft health following transplantation. This review will illustrate the potential of platelets to remodel blood vessels in various diseases with a focus on the aforementioned mechanisms.