微流控细胞学（MC）和电阻抗谱（EIS）是生物医学工程中两种重要的技术。微流控细胞学已在干细胞分化和癌症转移研究等各个领域得到应用，提供了一种简单、无标记、实时的方法来表征和监测细胞命运。阻抗微器件，包括阻抗流动细胞学（IFC）和电阻抗谱（EIS），被整合到了MC系统中。IFC在细胞流经微流控器件时测量单个细胞的阻抗，而EIS则测量电极区域结合事件期间的阻抗变化。基于概念、电极配置和细胞命运，已经做出了重大努力来改进和优化这些设备，用于基础研究和临床应用。本文概述了这些装置的理论概念、电极工程和数据分析，并强调了未来的发展方向。

Microfluidic cytometry (MC) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are two important techniques in biomedical engineering. Microfluidic cytometry has been utilized in various fields such as stem cell differentiation and cancer metastasis studies, and provides a simple, label-free, real-time method for characterizing and monitoring cellular fates. The impedance microdevice, including impedance flow cytometry (IFC) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), is integrated into MC systems. IFC measures the impedance of individual cells as they flow through a microfluidic device, while EIS measures impedance changes during binding events on electrode regions. There have been significant efforts to improve and optimize these devices for both basic research and clinical applications, based on the concepts, electrode configurations, and cell fates. This review outlines the theoretical concepts, electrode engineering, and data analytics of these devices, and highlights future directions for development.