人类基因组计划完成了对人类基因组中30亿个碱基对的测序，引入了一种新的基因组学治疗发展的时代。虽然在其他领域中该方法已经非常成功，但在神经科学领域中这方面的发展还远远不够。“单基因变异与神经系统或精神健康状况的关系非常少”，这也是其中的一个原因。虽然药物基因组学的发展已经有了一定的成功，但应用基因信息的实践主要与药物代谢和不良反应有关。与遗传变异相关的药物代谢研究是一项重要的药物开发部分，但在癌症生物学之外，将基因组信息转化为新型疗法的实际应用还受到限制。在环境对DNA的影响方面，表观遗传学是与中枢神经系统疾病相关的一个有希望的新领域。环境因素可以诱导DNA的化学修饰（例如，胞嘧啶甲基化），这可能代表着更短或更长期的变化。鉴于环境因素对中枢神经系统疾病的重要性，表观遗传学可能会在未来确定重要的治疗目标。©2023. 作者（作者）独家授权给斯普林格自然瑞士股份公司。

The Human Genome Project mapped the 3 billion base pairs in the human genome, which ushered in a new generation of genomically focused treatment development. While this has been very successful in other areas, neuroscience has been largely devoid of such developments. This is in large part because there are very few neurological or mental health conditions that are related to single-gene variants. While developments in pharmacogenomics have been somewhat successful, the use of genetic information in practice has to do with drug metabolism and adverse reactions. Studies of drug metabolism related to genetic variations are an important part of drug development. However, outside of cancer biology, the actual translation of genomic information into novel therapies has been limited. Epigenetics, which relates in part to the effects of the environment on DNA, is a promising newer area of relevance to CNS disorders. The environment can induce chemical modifications of DNA (e.g., cytosine methylation), which can be induced by the environment and may represent either shorter- or longer-term changes. Given the importance of environmental influences on CNS disorders, epigenetics may identify important treatment targets in the future.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.