这篇综述旨在全面概述使用不同配体和基于放射性核素的肿瘤靶向剂进行个性化肺癌管理的最新文献。肺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。由于肺癌的异质性，精准医学的进展可以加强疾病管理方案。最近，使用同一分子标记的两种不同放射性核素用于成像和治疗的治疗学（theranostics）已成为系统性癌症管理的有前途的策略。在基于放射性核素的治疗学中，目标、配体和放射性核素都应仔细考虑，以实现准确的诊断和肺癌的最佳治疗效果。我们总结了用于诊断和治疗肺癌的最新放射性示踪剂和放射性配体治疗剂。此外，我们还讨论了与靶依赖的放射性示踪剂以及治疗性放射性核素相关的潜在临床应用和局限性。最后，我们提供了有关该领域未来发展的观点。基于放射性核素的治疗学在个性化医疗中显示出巨大的潜力。我们希望这篇综述可以了解放射性核素治疗肺癌的最新进展，并促进放射性配体治疗学在个性化医学中的应用。 ©2023. 作者（们）专属许可Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany，Springer Nature的一部分。

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest literature on personalized lung cancer management using different ligands and radionuclide-based tumor-targeting agents.Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Due to the heterogeneity of lung cancer, advances in precision medicine may enhance the disease management landscape. More recently, theranostics using the same molecule labeled with two different radionuclides for imaging and treatment has emerged as a promising strategy for systemic cancer management. In radionuclide-based theranostics, the target, ligand, and radionuclide should all be carefully considered to achieve an accurate diagnosis and optimal therapeutic effects for lung cancer.We summarize the latest radiotracers and radioligand therapeutic agents used in diagnosing and treating lung cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential clinical applications and limitations associated with target-dependent radiotracers as well as therapeutic radionuclides. Finally, we provide our views on the perspectives for future development in this field.Radionuclide-based theranostics show great potential in tailored medical care. We expect that this review can provide an understanding of the latest advances in radionuclide therapy for lung cancer and promote the application of radioligand theranostics in personalized medicine.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.