炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种慢性和反复发作的胃肠道炎症性疾病，具有各种疼痛的临床表现和增加的癌变或死亡风险，由于其发病率的迅速增加，已经成为全球医疗保健面临的新挑战。然而，尽管有越来越多的IBD治疗研究，由于IBD的病因和发病机制难以捉摸，目前仍缺乏有效的治愈方法。因此，迫切需要开发具有积极临床疗效和减少副作用的替代治疗策略。近年来，由于其在生理稳定性、生物利用度和炎症部位的定位等方面的优势，由各种先进纳米材料推动的纳米医学的繁荣正在为IBD带来更具吸引力和有前途的治疗策略。在本综述中，我们将首先介绍健康和炎症性肠微环境的基本特征。然后，将回顾纳米治疗剂在IBD治疗中的不同给药途径和靶向策略。随后，着重介绍基于不同IBD发病机制的纳米治疗方法。最后，提供目前开发的纳米医学在IBD治疗中的未来挑战和展望。我们相信以上内容将吸引医学、生物科学、材料、化学和制药等不同领域的研究人员。本文受版权保护。版权所有，翻译仅供参考。

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal inflammatory disorder with a variety of painful clinical manifestations and an increased risk of cancerization or death, has become an emerging challenge to global healthcare due to its rapidly increasing incidence. However, despite the increasing number of studies on IBD treatment, at present, there is still a lack of an efficient cure against IBD because of the elusive etiology and pathogenesis of IBD. Therefore, the development of alternative therapeutic strategies with positive clinical efficacy and reduced side effects is urgently needed. In recent years, the great prosperity of nanomedicine promoted by a variety of advanced nanomaterials are redefining more attractive and promising therapeutic strategies for IBD owing to their advantages in the physiological stability, bioavailability, and targeting of inflammatory sites. In this review, we will firstly present the basic characteristics of healthy and inflammatory intestinal microenvironments. Then, different administration routes and targeting strategies of nanotherapeutics for IBD treatment are reviewed. Subsequently, a specific focus is placed on the introduction of nanotherapeutic treatments based on different IBD pathogenesis. Finally, some future challenges and perspectives of the currently developed nanomedicine for IBD treatment are provided. We believe that the above topics will attract researchers from various fields including medicine, biological sciences, materials, chemistry and pharmaceutics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.