低骨骼肌质量（LSMM）预测肿瘤患者的重要临床结果。该研究的目的是对有关LSMM与肿瘤治疗反应（TR）之间关联的数据进行元分析。MEDLINE，Cochrane和SCOPUS数据库筛选了2022年11月之前对肿瘤患者中LSMM和TR的关系。总体上，共有35项研究符合纳入标准。使用RevMan 5.4软件进行了元分析。收集的35项研究共涵盖3858名患者。在1682名患者（43.6％）中被诊断出LSMM。在总体样本中，LSMM预测了负面客观反应率（ORR），OR = 0.70，95％ CI =（0.54-0.91），p = 0.007，以及疾病控制率（DCR），OR = 0.69，95％ CI =（0.50-0.95），p = 0.02。在治愈设置中，LSMM预测了阴性ORR，OR = 0.24，95％ CI =（0.12-0.50），p = 0.0001，但没有预测DCR，OR = 0.60，95％ CI =（0.31-1.18），p = 0.14。在接受常规化学治疗的姑息治疗中，LSMM未能预测ORR：OR = 0.94，95％ CI（0.57-1.55），p = 0.81，以及DCR：OR = 1.13，95％ CI（0.38-3.40），p = 0.82。在接受酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）进行姑息治疗时，LSMM未能预测TR：ORR，OR = 0.74，95％ CI（0.44-1.26），p = 0.27，以及DCR，OR = 1.04，95％ CI（0.53-2.05），p = 0.90。在接受姑息免疫治疗时，LSMM往往预测ORR，OR = 0.74，95％ CI =（0.54-1.01），p = 0.06，并预测了DCR，OR = 0.53，95％ CI =（0.37-0.76），p = 0.0006。LSMM是治愈化疗中辅助和/或新辅助背景下贫乏TR的危险因素。LSMM是免疫治疗失败的危险因素。最后，LSMM不会影响姑息化疗和/或TKI中的TR。•低骨骼肌质量（LSMM）预测治愈化疗中辅助和/或新辅助背景下的治疗反应（TR）。• LSMM预测了免疫治疗的TR。• LSMM不会影响姑息化疗的TR。©2023.作者（s）独家许可欧洲放射学会使用。

Low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) predicts relevant clinical outcomes in oncologic patients. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of data regarding associations between LSMM and treatment response (TR) in oncology.MEDLINE, Cochrane, and SCOPUS databases were screened for relationships between LSMM and TR in oncologic patients up to November 2022. Overall, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.The collected 35 studies comprised 3858 patients. In 1682 patients (43.6%), LSMM was diagnosed. In the overall sample, LSMM predicted a negatively objective response rate (ORR), OR = 0.70, 95% CI = (0.54-0.91), p = 0.007, and disease control rate (DCR), OR = 0.69, 95% CI = (0.50-0.95), p = 0.02. In the curative setting, LSMM predicted a negatively ORR, OR = 0.24, 95% CI = (0.12-0.50), p = 0.0001, but not DCR, OR = 0.60, 95% CI = (0.31-1.18), p = 0.14. In palliative treatment with conventional chemotherapies, LSMM did not predict ORR: OR = 0.94, 95% CI (0.57-1.55), p = 0.81, and DCR: OR = 1.13, 95% CI (0.38-3.40), p = 0.82. In palliative treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), LSMM did not predict TR: ORR, OR = 0.74, 95% CI (0.44-1.26), p = 0.27, and DCR, OR = 1.04, 95% CI (0.53-2.05), p = 0.90. In palliative immunotherapy, LSMM tended to predict ORR, OR = 0.74, 95% CI = (0.54-1.01), p = 0.06, and predicted DCR, OR = 0.53, 95% CI = (0.37-0.76), p = 0.0006.LSMM is a risk factor for poor TR in curative chemotherapy in the adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant setting. LSMM is a risk factor for treatment failure in treatment with immunotherapy. Finally, LSMM does not influence TR in palliative treatment with conventional chemotherapy and/or TKIs.• Low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) predicts treatment response (TR) to chemotherapy in the adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant setting. • LSMM predicts TR in immunotherapy. • LSMM does not influence TR in palliative chemotherapy.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.