在过去的十年中，干细胞和肿瘤来源的器官样本被认为是分子发育和疾病建模方面最具前途的模型。在构建器官样本的三个主要元素中，基质是其细胞外微环境中最重要的模块。然而，目前市售的基质Matrigel来源有限，这限制了器官样本在临床医学中的应用。因此，研究是否可以利用原始的去细胞外生物基质（dECM）作为器官样本的基质，并改进器官样本的构建方法变得十分重要。在本文中，概述了组织去细胞化协议和去细胞化方法的特点，细胞外基质（ECM）的力学支撑和生物提示，多功能的dECM和响应性的dECM水凝胶的构建方法，以及功能性dECM在潜在应用方面的概况。此外，还对dECM作为器官样本基质在临床应用中的期望进行了说明。 ©2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH。

Over the past decade, stem cell- and tumor-derived organoids are the most promising models in developmental biology and disease modeling, respectively. The matrix is one of three main elements in the construction of an organoid and the most important module of its extracellular microenvironment. However, the source of the currently available commercial matrix, Matrigel, limits the application of organoids in clinical medicine. It is worth investigating whether the original decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) can be exploited as the matrix of organoids and improving organoid construction are very important. In this review, tissue decellularization protocols and the characteristics of decellularization methods, the mechanical support and biological cues of extraccellular matrix (ECM), methods for construction of multifunctional dECM and responsive dECM hydrogel, and the potential applications of functional dECM are summarized. In addition, some expectations are provided for dECM as the matrix of organoids in clinical applications.© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.