全球饮食模式日益被许多便宜、高度可口和即食的超加工食品所取代。高度超加工食品消耗与肥胖和代谢心脏疾病的增加风险有关，但关于癌症预后的前瞻性证据有限。本研究旨在使用英国生物库队列考察超加工食品消耗与总体和特定癌症发病率以及癌症死亡风险之间的关联。将2009年至2012年间在英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士进行 24 小时饮食调查的英国生物库 197 426 名参与者纳入研究对象。通过数据链接到全国癌症和死亡登记处确定了发病癌症情况。根据NOVA分类系统将所消费的食品分类和度数。根据每日食品的百分比计算出个人超加工食品消耗。前瞻性关联使用多变量考克斯比例风险模型进行评估，调整基线社会人口统计学和生活方式特征。此外，对于女性特定癌症，还调整了更年期状态、口服避孕药、激素替代疗法和产次等因素。 平均年龄为 58.0 岁（标准偏差为 8.0）；参与者中有 54.6% 是女性。 在 9.8 年的中位随访时间内（IQR 为 9.4–10.6），197 426 名个体中有 15 921 人（8.1%）发生了癌症，4009 人（2.0%）死于癌症。 超级加工食品的消耗与总体癌症的较高发病率相关（每10％增加超加工食品消耗的危险比为 1.02 [95％ CI 1.01-1.04]，p=0.005），女性卵巢癌（1.19 [1.08-1.30]，p<0.001）也呈阳性相关。 此外，还发现了总体、乳腺和卵巢癌的死亡风险增加。 这项大规模英国队列研究提供了超加工食品消耗与总体和某些特定部位癌症发病率和死亡风险之间正相关的证据。 研究的局限性包括没有代表性的中年志愿者队列、一些食品项目的详细信息不足，虽然采用了保守的方法将食品分类为较低加工类别，但由于数据的观察性本质，在潜在的残差混杂方面存在潜在的混杂效应。有必要进行进一步的研究来更好地确定干预目标的机制途径。癌症研究英国和世界癌症研究基金。Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dietary patterns worldwide are increasingly displaced by many cheap, highly palatable, and ready-to-eat ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Higher UPF consumption has been linked to increased risk for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, but prospective evidence is limited on cancer outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between UPF consumption and risk for overall and site-specific cancer incidence and cancer mortality using the UK Biobank cohort.197 426 participants of the UK Biobank from England, Scotland, and Wales with 24-h dietary recall completed between 2009 and 2012 were included. Incident cancer cases were identified through data linkage to national cancer and mortality registries. Food items consumed were categorised according to their degree of food processing using the NOVA classification system. Individual UPF consumption were derived as a percentage of daily food intake. Prospective association was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. For female-specific cancers, menopausal status, use of oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, and parity were additionally adjusted.Mean age was 58·0 years (SD 8·0); 54·6% of participants were women. During a median follow-up time of 9·8 years (IQR 9·4-10·6), 15 921 (8·1%) of 197 426 individuals developed cancer and 4009 (2·0%) cancer deaths were encountered. Consumption of UPFs was associated with a higher incidence of overall cancer (hazard ratio per 10% increment in UPF consumption was 1·02 [95% CI 1·01-1·04]; p=0·005) and ovarian cancer in females (1·19 [1·08-1·30]; p<0·001). Positive associations were identified for mortality of overall, breast, and ovarian cancers.This large UK cohort study presents evidence of positive associations between UPF consumption and risks for incidence and mortality of overall and certain site-specific cancers. Limitations include non-representativeness having based on a cohort of middle-aged volunteers, insufficient details for some food items although a conservative approach was undertaken classifying foods to lower processing categories, and potential residual confounding due to the observational nature of the data. Further investigation into the mechanistic pathways is warranted to better identify targets for intervention.Cancer Research UK and World Cancer Research Fund.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.