心血管疾病（CVD），包括冠状动脉疾病（CAD），仍是女性全球死亡率的主要原因。虽然传统的CVD / CAD预防工具在减少男女患者的疾病和死亡率方面发挥了重要作用，但当前预防CVD / CAD的工具依赖于传统的风险因素算法，这些算法通常低估女性相对于男性的CVD / CAD风险。近年来，一些研究表明，乳腺动脉钙化（BAC）可能与CVD / CAD有关，BAC是乳腺X线照片中可见的良性钙化。考虑到超过40岁的数百万女性进行乳腺癌年度筛查作为常规活动，以乳腺X线照片为基础进行创新的CVD / CAD风险预测因素，可以提供性别特定和方便的解决方案。这样的因素可能是独立于当前风险模型或作为补充因素而无需额外的费用或辐射暴露，值得进行详细的研究。本文旨在讨论与BAC和CVD / CAD相关的研究，并强调一些涉及先前研究设计的问题，例如样本大小，人群类型，评估BAC和CVD / CAD的方法，心血管事件的定义以及其他混杂因素。该研究还可能为未来使用常规乳腺X射线检查和除BAC以外的放射图像特征来进行CVD风险预测研究方向提供见解。

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary artery disease (CAD), continue to be the leading cause of global mortality among women. While traditional CVD/CAD prevention tools play a significant role in reducing morbidity and mortality among both men and women, current tools for preventing CVD/CAD rely on traditional risk factor-based algorithms that often underestimate CVD/CAD risk in women compared with men. In recent years, some studies have suggested that breast arterial calcifications (BAC), which are benign calcifications seen in mammograms, may be linked to CVD/CAD. Considering that millions of women older than 40 years undergo annual screening mammography for breast cancer as a regular activity, innovative risk prediction factors for CVD/CAD involving mammographic data could offer a gender-specific and convenient solution. Such factors that may be independent of, or complementary to, current risk models without extra cost or radiation exposure are worthy of detailed investigation. This review aims to discuss relevant studies examining the association between BAC and CVD/CAD and highlights some of the issues related to previous studies' design such as sample size, population types, method of assessing BAC and CVD/CAD, definition of cardiovascular events, and other confounding factors. The work may also offer insights for future CVD risk prediction research directions using routine mammograms and radiomic features other than BAC such as breast density and macrocalcifications.