在本文中，作者详细描述了前扣带回和前中央扣带区癫痫非侵入性调查的半症状学和特征。临床表现代表了最近公认的从前向后的功能连接梯度，前扣带皮层癫痫表现为情感和内部感觉的前驱，随后出现的是高动力或复杂的运动癫痫。前中央扣带区癫痫的几份报告显示趋势朝向更高比例的感觉前驱和前运动半症状。发作期的撅嘴、发声和尤其是笑声是癫痫发作或扩散到该区域的强烈指标。尽管传统上认为头皮脑电图提供的信息很少，但本文提供的数据表明，大多数患者在额叶或额颞区域都有异常。至少在癫痫发作期间，额颞区异常提供了有关侧化的有价值的信息。从前扣带区域发作的癫痫的病因似乎最常见的是局限性皮质发育不良（FCD），其次是肿瘤和血管病变，特别是海绵状血管瘤，尽管不能排除出版偏见。核医学影像学的发现很少报告，但正电子发射断层扫描和发作期单光子计算机断层扫描都可以确定发生器或网络，经常显示异常延伸到额叶区域。少数可用的脑磁图研究显示出混合结果，有时提供错误的病变部位。前扣带区癫痫很难识别，但本文总结的特点应该引起临床实践中的怀疑。版权所有©2023年由美国临床神经生理学会。

In this review, the semiology, and characteristics of noninvasive investigations suggestive of anterior cingulate and anterior midcingulate epilepsy are detailed by the authors. The clinical presentation is representative of a recently recognized rostrocaudal gradient of functional connectivity with seizures of the anterior cingulate cortex manifesting emotional and interoceptive aura followed by a hyperkinetic or complex motor seizures. The few reports of anterior midcingulate epilepsy show a trend toward a higher proportion of sensory auras and premotor semiology. Ictal pouting, vocalizations, and, in particular, laughter are strong indicators of epilepsy arising or spreading to this region. Although scalp EEG was traditionally thought to provide little information, the data provided in this review demonstrate that most patients will have abnormalities over the frontal or frontotemporal regions. Frontotemporal abnormalities at least interictally provide valuable information regarding lateralization. The etiology of epilepsy arising from the anterior cingulate region seems to be most frequently secondary to focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), followed by neoplasms and vascular lesions, particularly cavernomas, although one cannot rule out a publication bias. Findings of nuclear medicine imaging is seldomly reported but both positron emission tomography and ictal single-photon computed tomography can identify the generator or the network often showing abnormalities extending to the frontal regions. The few available magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies reveal mixed results, sometimes providing false lateralization of the focus. Anterior cingulate epilepsy is difficult to recognize, but the features summarized in this review should prompt suspicion in clinical practice.Copyright © 2023 by the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society.