骨髓脂肪组织（BMAT）在多功能骨髓（BM）生态系统中创造了一个特定的微小环境，这使得周围细胞和整体水平发生了变化。此外，BMAT有助于BM的空间和时间分离以及代谢隔离，从而调节BM的稳态和疾病。最近的研究发现了一些新的骨髓脂肪细胞前体亚群（BMAd），它们在不同的骨骼和造血干细胞微环境中被招募来进行BM脂肪形成。某些间充质BM细胞分化为成骨和成脂细胞系的潜力，有助于BMAT与骨内（成骨）微环境区分、组成重叠和相互作用，成为骨组织稳态的重要细胞成分。定位和消除某些状态下的BMAT细胞可能是改善骨健康的可选和有前途的策略。此外，最近的研究表明BMAd与造血细胞之间存在空间分布关系，并在长期造血等重要过程中发挥重要的功能作用。BM脂肪形成似乎是紧急现象，它遵循造血干细胞和前体细胞微环境因子的产生，从而调节生理、应激和恶性造血。BMAd的脂解和分泌活性可影响不同成熟阶段造血细胞的存活和增殖。由于它们具有不同的脂质状态，因此构成和调节的BMAd是正常和恶性造血细胞的重要决定因素。进一步阐明涉及BMAT扩张和与恶性细胞相互作用的细胞和分子参与者对于构思改善BM健康的新疗法至关重要。© 2023年作者（或授权机构）独家许可Springer Science+Business Media，LLC，Springer Nature的一部分。

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) creates a specific microniche within multifunctional bone marrow (BM) ecosystem which imposes changes in surrounding cells and at systemic level. Moreover, BMAT contributes to spatial and temporal separation and metabolic compartmentalization of BM, thus regulating BM homeostasis and diseases. Recent findings have identified novel progenitor subsets of bone marrow adipocytes (BMAd)s recruited during the BM adipogenesis within different skeletal and hematopoietic stem cell niches. Potential of certain mesenchymal BM cells to differentiate into both osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, contributes to the complex interplay of BMAT with endosteal (osteoblastic) niche compartments as an important cellular player in bone tissue homeostasis. Targeting and ablation of BMAT cells at certain states might be an optional and promising strategy for improvement of bone health. Additionally, recent findings demonstrated spatial distribution of BMAds related to hematopoietic cells and pointed out important functional roles in the vital processes such as long-term hematopoiesis. BM adipogenesis appears to be an emergency phenomenon that follows the production of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell niche factors, thus regulating physiological, stressed, and malignant hematopoiesis. Lipolytic and secretory activity of BMAds can influence survival and proliferation of hematopoietic cells at different maturation stages. Due to their different lipid status, constitutive and regulated BMAds are important determinants of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Further elucidation of cellular and molecular players involved in BMAT expansion and crosstalk with malignant cells is of paramount importance for conceiving the new therapies for improvement of BM health.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.