多功能一体化生物材料在交叉学科研究中广受欢迎，可提供连续的肿瘤治疗和组织再生功能。本研究成功地制备出一种三维（3D）基于气凝胶的双网络结构复合支架，通过自组装和光交联产生，具有光热触发的控制性抗癌药物释放和光热癌细胞消融的综合性能。该复合支架的制备包括丝素甲基丙烯酸甲酯（SF-MA）生物高分子和水热驱动硫化铋（Bi2S3）甲基丙烯酸盐纳米带的自组装，然后进行光交联辅助的3D打印过程。开发的支架具有层次结构的孔隙率和优良的光热转换性能，得益于支架基质中含有的Bi2S3纳米带强烈的近红外光子吸收。通过激光照射在支架内产生的热量，不仅触发了抗癌药物的可控和持久释放，还显著地消融了附着在支架上的骨癌细胞。此外，这种开发的3D复合支架在不同介质中展示了有机和无机网络成分的优异生物降解性，使它们成为潜在的植入物，可被新生组织所代替。结合化疗和光热疗法，这种多功能的3D打印复合气凝胶支架预计将成为一种在骨组织工程中的出色的可植入材料，用于连续癌症治疗和组织再生。

Multifunctional all-in-one biomaterial combining the therapeutic and regeneration functionalities for successive tumor therapy and tissue regeneration is in high demand in interdisciplinary research. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) aerogel-based composite scaffold with a dual-network structure generated through self-assembly and photo-cross-linking with combined properties of photothermally triggered controlled anticancer drug release and photothermal cancer cell ablation was successfully fabricated. The fabrication of composites consists of self-assembly of a silk fibroin methacrylate (SF-MA) biopolymer incorporated with hydrothermally driven bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) methacrylate nanobelts, followed by a photo-cross-linking-assisted 3D-printing process. The developed scaffolds presented hierarchically organized porosity and excellent photothermal conversion thanks to the strong near-infrared (NIR) photon absorption of incorporated Bi2S3 nanobelts inside the scaffold matrix. The heat generated in the scaffold mediated by laser irradiation has not only triggered controlled and prolonged release of the anticancer drug but also significantly ablated the bone cancer cells adhered on the scaffold. In addition, the developed 3D composite scaffolds have demonstrated excellent biodegradability for organic and inorganic network constituents at different media, enabling them as potential implants to be replaced by de novo tissue. In combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, the multifunctional 3D-printed composite aerogel scaffold is expected to be an excellent implantable material in bone tissue engineering (BTE) for successive cancer therapy and tissue regeneration.