自噬是一种细胞内稳态机制，通过降解和回收细胞器和蛋白质，为进展性癌症的增殖和存活提供能量。临床前研究已经发现，在已建立的肿瘤内，肿瘤细胞自噬和宿主细胞自噬共同支持肿瘤生长。越来越多的证据表明，抑制自噬可以增强化疗、靶向治疗或免疫疗法的疗效，促进肿瘤缩小。使用溶酶体抑制剂羟氯喹（HCQ）的第一代自噬抑制试验在癌症治疗中产生了不同的结果，但为更有效和特异的自噬抑制剂在临床试验中的研究开创了道路。在本文中，我们将讨论自噬在癌症中的作用、自噬途径的新型分子机制、自噬调节对癌细胞和宿主细胞的影响，以及正在进入临床试验的新型自噬抑制剂。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Ltd.

Autophagy is a cellular homeostasis mechanism that fuels the proliferation and survival of advanced cancers by degrading and recycling organelles and proteins. Preclinical studies have identified that within an established tumor, tumor cell autophagy and host cell autophagy conspire to support tumor growth. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy inhibition can augment the efficacy of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy to enhance tumor shrinkage. First-generation autophagy inhibition trials in cancer using the lysosomal inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have produced mixed results but have guided the way for the development of more potent and specific autophagy inhibitors in clinical trials. In this review, we will discuss the role of autophagy in cancer, newly discovered molecular mechanisms of the autophagy pathway, the effects of autophagy modulation in cancer and host cells, and novel autophagy inhibitors that are entering clinical trials.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.